Monday, July 21, 2025
Iraqi Cabinet Approves Measures on Kurdish Oil Delivery
The Iraqi Cabinet, headed by Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani, held an emergency session on Thursday and issued a series of binding decisions regarding oil production and financial coordination with the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG).
In a major development, the Cabinet approved the immediate transfer of all oil produced in the Kurdistan Region to Iraq's State Oil Marketing Organization (SOMO)for export. The federal government will provide the KRG with an advance of $16 per barrel (in-kind or in cash), based on a minimum delivery of 230,000 barrels per day (bpd), with any additional production to be included under the same mechanism.
Current production stands at 280,000 bpd, of which 50,000 bpd is reserved for local consumption within the Region. The remaining 230,000 bpd, along with any future increases, will be delivered to SOMO. Should exports stop for any reason, the KRG must deliver the full quantity to the Federal Ministry of Oil instead.
The KRG will also be responsible for the production and transport costs of the 50,000 bpd used locally, while revenues from sales of refined products will be transferred to the federal treasury after deducting those costs.
Additional financial decisions included:
All timelines specified in this resolution are effective from the date of the Cabinet's approval.
(Source: PMO)
DINAR REVALUATION REPORT: 🚨 Iraqi Dinar RV Momentum Is Building – And XRP Could Be Next! 💥
DINAR REVALUATION REPORT: 🚨 Iraqi Dinar RV Momentum Is Building – And XRP Could Be Next! 💥
Excitement is rising as signs point to an imminent revaluation (RV) of the Iraqi Dinar (IQD). Iraq's economy is booming:
The Central Bank now holds 162 tons of gold, a major sign of financial strength.
Full digital payment systems (24/7 RTGS, ISO-ready) show Iraq is integrating globally.
The IMF praises Iraq for strong growth (3.1%), low inflation (2.9%), and lifting exchange restrictions — a green light for full currency convertibility.
Oil revenues are surging, especially Basra crude outperforming global benchmarks.
Meanwhile, anti-corruption efforts are accelerating and Iran’s influence is fading, clearing the way for economic reform.
🔥 Speculation is growing that the new rate could be $4–$6 per IQD, with banks allegedly preparing for payouts. Some believe the RV could happen within days or weeks.
And after the RV? Many expect XRP to surge, thanks to its alignment with Iraq’s digital financial future. XRP could benefit from the post-RV liquidity and help enable fast, cheap cross-border payments.
2025 is shaping up to be massive for IQD and XRP holders. Stay ready!
#IQDRV #XRP #ToTheMoon #DinarRevaluation #IraqEconomy #DigitalCurrency #GlobalReset #CryptoFuture
Iraq's Accession To International Financial Institutions Enhances Economic Development Opportunities
Iraq's Accession To International Financial Institutions Enhances Economic Development Opportunities.
Economic 07/20/2025 Baghdad: Economic Morning As part of its efforts to strengthen its financial presence on the international stage and diversify funding sources for its service and construction projects, Iraq has taken a significant step by joining two of the most prominent multilateral financial institutions: the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
Although the direct repercussions of this step are still in the developmental stage,economists see it as a prelude to attracting long-term financing, bolstering development efforts in vital sectors such as energy,
infrastructure, and transportation, and opening the doors to international partnerships for Iraq in the post-crisis phase.
Projects And Bridges
Economic expert Dr. Majid Al-Baydani explained to Al-Sabah regarding Iraq’s accession to the Asian Development Bank:
“The projects currently underway in Baghdad, such as bridges and others, have no connection to the Asian Development Bank’s projects, as their funds are allocated by the state in the project budget according to the investment portion of the budget.
The Asian Development Bank has no role in implementing or establishing the aforementioned projects,
as the contractor may be Chinese, the implementing company may be Chinese, or another international nationality.”
He added, "The implementation of projects by the Asian Development Bank is subject to certain conditions, including that the bank selects the implementing companies, along with their own mechanisms and engineering efforts, unlike what some might imagine.
Furthermore, the bank's projects are implemented through loans from the bank and on its own terms."
Long Term
Economic expert Ahmed Makalaf believes that “there has not yet been any direct benefit from Iraq’s joining the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
Rather, the benefit is long-term, not immediate.
The real benefit is in giving Iraq an international standing and a good reputation from an economic perspective.”
“The development road will be a gateway for the Asian Development Bank to enter Iraq with projects,”
the official added in an interview with Al-Sabah.
“It is likely that the country will borrow from the bank to implement projects related to the road, and will likely build cooperation through this bank in financing parts of the activity for major projects related to the development road, contributing to strengthening the economy within the international environment and building strong international relations in the future.”
Membership Shares
For his part, Dr. Mazhar Mohammed Saleh, Advisor to the Prime Minister, stated that as far as the distribution of capital among the participating countries in the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is concerned, the bank's total capital amounts to $100 billion, with 20% allocated as paid-in capital and the remainder as callable capital.
Each country is obligated to contribute its share of the paid-in capital upon joining. He added:
Sustainable Development
"The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is an international institution that aims to support infrastructure projects and sustainable development in Asia and beyond.
The bank, headquartered in Beijing, provides concessional loans to finance infrastructure projects for member countries. This accession is a strategic step for Iraq to advance its development projects in areas such as transportation, energy, and water."
European Bank
Regarding the benefits of Iraq joining the European Bank, Saleh said:
“There is a positive correlation between building a development strategy, which is embodied today by the government’s philosophy of launching a development initiative with comprehensive sectoral economic links, called the “Development Road” project, which is the corridor and strategic project that links the European Union countries with Asia via Iraq and the Gulf maritime corridors and vice versa, on the one hand,
and the requirements for implementing the various stages of the development road through the role that Iraq’s membership in the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development occupies, on the other hand, especially in terms of the advantages of obtaining European technology and ensuring the role of companies from European Union countries in implementing the development road in all its aspects, whether in infrastructure, industrial production projects, or various logistical services.”
https://alsabaah.iq/117657-.html
SANDY INGRAM: How One System Controls Global Money Including the IQD
SANDY INGRAM: How One System Controls Global Money Including the IQD
There are ongoing financial tensions between Iraq and the U.S. Treasury Department, particularly involving the Iraqi Dinar (IQD). Recent developments shed light on why Iraq has implemented certain financial and regulatory measures in response to increasing scrutiny and restrictions from the United States.
These actions carry significant implications—not only for Iraq’s national economy but also for individuals who hold or invest in the IQD.
One growing concern is the heightened surveillance and recording of personal financial transactions, raising questions about privacy and the future of personal finance management on a global scale.
Understanding the geopolitical and economic dynamics behind Iraq’s financial strategies is essential.
These policies are shaped by external pressure, internal goals for economic reform, and efforts to stabilize the currency.
This situation highlights the importance of evaluating political, economic, and privacy-related factors when considering investments in foreign currencies and navigating global financial systems.
IMF: Iraq Has Maintained Stability And Inflation Is Low
IMF: Iraq Has Maintained Stability And Inflation Is Low
July 19, 2025 Baghdad/Iraq Observer The International Monetary Fund confirmed on Saturday that
Iraq has succeeded in maintaining its internal stability despite regional tensions, while noting that the
inflation rate in Iraq has remained low.
The IMF stated in a report reviewed by Iraq Observer that “Iraq has succeeded in maintaining its internal stability despite regional tensions and unstable global conditions,” noting that “the inflation rate has remained low in Iraq,” stressing “the need to implement fundamental reforms to increase non-oil revenues and control the public wage bill,” indicating that “current and investment spending plans for 2025 should be reviewed.” He stressed that
"it is necessary and urgent to reform the public pension system by raising the retirement age and reducing the accumulation and replacement rates," praising "the Central Bank of Iraq's success in fully transitioning to the new trade finance system and its contribution to narrowing the gap between the official and parallel exchange rates."
The Fund stated that "the Central Bank of Iraq has begun studying reform options to strengthen the private banking sector," stressing, "We encourage Iraq to accelerate its efforts to improve the issuance and collection of electricity bills."
He explained that "progress has been made in implementing the National Anti-Corruption strategy and improving the Corruption Perceptions Index," adding that "it is essential to focus on bridging the most pressing statistical gaps and integrating pilot initiatives." https://observeriraq.net/صندوق-النقد-العراق-حافظ-على-استقراره-و/
MIKE BARA: “10 Days to Financial Shockwave: Dinar, Dong, Gold & GESARA Incoming 💥💰”
Mike Bara – News Update:
…Another contact (I won’t say who) had a long conversation with their boss. This boss is directly connected to the U.S. Treasury. He’s not a Treasury employee, but he has been in meetings where very important people were present. I’ll let you imagine who that might be.
Here’s what he said — and I’m going to relay it pretty much word for word:
In the next 10 days, we will see the following (in no specific order, so we don’t know what happens first — though we all suspect Iraq will go first):
What you can expect in the next 10 days:
The U.S. dollar will be gold-backed,
The Iraqi dinar will go,
The Vietnamese dong will go,
Bonds will go,
The QFS (Quantum Financial System) will launch,
GESARA will come into effect,
Med Beds will begin operation,
And you can also include:
The Venezuelan Bolívar,
Zim Agro,
Zim.
I went back to confirm, and he reaffirmed: everything will go, everything will happen at once.
When it happens — it all happens together.
🙏🙏🙏💵💵
Hard Currency Is Being Drained With The Blessing Of The National Bank. Experts Warn Of A Catastrophe That Will Cripple The Iraqi Economy
Hard Currency Is Being Drained With The Blessing Of The National Bank. Experts Warn Of A Catastrophe That Will Cripple The Iraqi Economy.
Economy 2025-07-19 | 06:10 1,903 views Alsumaria News – Economic Bank's monopoly
The National on dollar transfers has sparked widespread controversy in Iraqi economic and commercial circles, amid accusations that it dominates foreign currency sales and transfers, threatening the principle of fair competition and increasing pressure on the local market.
Observers believe this monopoly has contributed to rising exchange rates and limited options for traders and citizens.
Meanwhile, financial experts assert that the lack of effective oversight and the overlapping interests of influential parties have given the bank near-absolute control over the dollar's movement.
Observers noted that almost complete monopoly "the National Bank, with the support of influential parties, was able to obtain near-exclusive control over foreign remittances from Iraq, while a number of Iraqi banks were restricted and barred from accessing the electronic remittance platform."
He added, "This monopoly is not merely technical in nature, but is also due to pressure from political backgrounds and influential figures with ties to the bank's senior management, raising concerns about administrative and financial corruption."
The Impact Of Monopoly On The Market And Iraqis
This, according to experts, confirms the weak competitiveness of Iraqi banks.
Reducing the profit margin and development opportunities for local banks, due to their being barred from participating,weakens their ability to provide local services or improve their infrastructure.
It also leads to a deterioration in services for beneficiaries, as transfer and deposit transactions have been subject to repeated delays and postponements, substandard customer service, and complaints of electronic system outages and erratic transfers.
They continued, "The manipulation of remittances also leads to a drain on hard currency, as the National Bank is estimated to be transferring huge sums of dollars abroad, taking advantage of exchange rate differences and dollar auctions without adequate oversight."
They noted that "there are huge economic losses estimated at billions of dinars annually
—such as 7.5 billion dinars stolen from Iraqi profits and sent directly to Amman
—that are draining the Jordanian economy."
Dividend Distribution – Who Benefits?
The National Bank of Iraq (NBI) achieved huge profits following the acquisition; its net profit after tax for 2023 reached approximately 190 billion dinars, compared to 27.5 billion dinars in 2022.
Revenues from the currency window also increased 26-fold to approximately 93 billion dinars, 67% of which is transferred to non-Iraqi entities.
External destination: A large percentage of these profits go to Jordan, according to representatives and experts, and are added to the budgets of the parent companies, representing a clear drain on liquidity and foreign currency in excess of the local markets' needs.
The Size Of The Monopoly And The Impact Of The Law
waived Article 107 of the Banking Law any limits on foreign investor ownership (up to 100%),
enabling foreign-owned banks to dominate, while such licenses are practically prohibited for Iraqi banks.
granted The Central Bank licenses and controlled currency auctions in a non-transparent manner, and
amended laws to support the interests of certain parties at the expense of national financial sovereignty.
Supervisory Calls
Observers called for "an urgent parliamentary investigation into the procedures that led to the
National Bank's leadership, documenting financial transactions, identifying the parties involved, reviewing the banking law and amending Article 107 to end foreign control and enable Iraqi banks to compete, as well as abolishing the monopoly currency window and replacing remittance distribution with a transparent system managed by the government or a unified platform without the control of a private bank."
They stressed the "need to refer the National Bank to direct oversight by the Central Bank, strengthen monitoring of transfers and the exchange rate, and impose penalties on violators."
The National Bank of Iraq's ongoing monopoly over foreign remittances negatively impacts the national economy and leads to the transfer of huge profits abroad.
This has prompted calls for parliamentary action to investigate the matter through judicial and legislative means, as well as for fundamental reforms to regulatory institutions and the banking system. Experts stated that "Iraqi depositors are the losers in this financial game, while dinars and hard currencies are being siphoned off under the guise of legal transfers."
https://www.alsumaria.tv/news/economy/534072/العملة-الصعبة-تُستنزف-بمباركة-المصرف-الأهلي-خبراء-يحذرون-من-كارثة-تشل
MILITIAMAN: "Iraq’s Quiet Revolution: From Oil to Digital Gold – Militia Man Breaks It Down 💥"
Militia Man
Iraq is not just oil anymore. It's about non-oil resources...That includes banking, banking restructuring. .
.professional institutions like Oliver Wyman and Ernst and Young that have been working with Iraq for many years...That's why I'm so bullish and why I keep doing this.
I totally believe 100% that Iraq is going through a digital transformation. I believe Alaq is...going to delete the zeros from the exchange rate. The project still exists...All of these things are coming into play.
Achievements And Challenges
Achievements And Challenges
Economic 07/20/2025 Yasser Al-Mutawali While the country is witnessing real achievements in various areas of the economic and service sectors, due to efficient reform policies and clear trends toward stimulating the economy and development,
economists are busy these days searching for ways to confront the expected global financial crisis, which is a periodic crisis facing the global economy. Therefore, experts are seeking to mitigate its effects on the reality of the Iraqi economy.
Perhaps it is useful to emphasize that any warnings issued here and there must be taken into account and benefited from, to avoid the damage that may result from them.
Today, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) issued a warning regarding Iraq's worsening fiscal deficit, due to objective reasons related to geopolitical changes taking place around the world, which have painful economic repercussions, according to its latest report this week.
Therefore, it is necessary to focus on stimulating income-generating productive sectors,
while reducing unnecessary expenditures in order to overcome the crisis phase and its usual cycle.
The IMF's warnings called on Iraq to review its spending policy and rationalize it with measures that are difficult to implement, as they raise complex social problems.
In order to preserve and sustain the achievements made, austerity measures must be taken, spending must be reduced, and rapid income-generating economic sectors must be stimulated and diversified.
Regardless of the accuracy of the warnings, it has become necessary not to ignore them and to take them seriously,because they are important indicators whose effects must be guarded against.
We see in them an opportunity for the government to implement more radical reforms in fiscal policy,
to confront the dire effects of the expected financial crisis.
Perhaps it is useful to point out that Iraq, as a rentier country, will be at the forefront of the countries affected and most affected, especially if oil prices fall below the hypothetical price planned for the budget.
This reality requires the government to review current spending plans, reduce all non-essential expenditures, and boost non-oil revenues by revising tax and customs duties, reforming the personal income tax, creating private sector jobs without relying on government jobs, and regulating the import of non-essential goods.
It is perhaps worth emphasizing once again that ignoring the warning, regardless of the accuracy of the information contained in the report,remains a matter that requires serious consideration. https://alsabaah.iq/117658-.html
AJ: 🚨 Dinar Surge! Parallel Market Drops Below 1,400 for 1st Time – Revaluation Getting Closer 🇮🇶💸
AJ
Great News for Iraq's Parallel Market - Declined
It traded below 1,400
for the 1st time 1,397 IQD per $1 dollar.
Big Milestone
60 more IQD to hit official rate 1,320
On Sunday, the US dollar weakened against the Iraqi dinar in both Baghdad and Erbil,
Baghdad’s central exchanges registered a rate of 1,401 IQD per $1. Earlier in the day, the rate stood at 1,403 In local currency exchange shops across Baghdad, the dollar was selling at 1,400 IQD and buying at 1,390 IQD per $1. In Erbil, the dollar was selling for 1,397 IQD and buying for 1,396 IQD per $1.
If you are New Here welcome and I have the best followers, they rock: Just know the parallel Market rate must be the same as the CBI's offical rate 1,320 for Iraq to revalue their currency. The Central Bank's plans to unify the two dollar exchange rates gradually in the second half of 2025
Gradual unification aims to minimize economic shocks, stabilize inflation, and restore confidence in the Dinar currency.
Parliamentary Finance Committee: OPEC informed SOMO that 280,000 barrels smuggled from the region are counted against Iraq's share.
Parliamentary Finance Committee: OPEC informed SOMO that 280,000 barrels smuggled from the region are counted against Iraq's share.
The head of the Parliamentary Finance Committee, MP Atwan al-Atwani, confirmed on Friday that OPEC informed the State Oil Marketing Organization (SOMO) that approximately 280,000 barrels of oil smuggled daily from the Kurdistan Region are counted as part of Iraq's quota.
Al-Atwani said in a televised interview followed by ( IQ ): "The region is smuggling oil and exporting about 280,000 barrels per day in an undeclared manner. A message arrived from OPEC to SOMO stating: 'We are receiving oil from your side. It is true that it is not in your name, but it is your oil.' It is estimated at about 280,000 barrels per day."
The MP pointed out that "our share has been reduced. We are now exporting about 3.2 million barrels per day, but this smuggled oil from the region is counted within the amount allocated to Iraq, and therefore is considered part of the revenue reduction link
MNT GOAT: 🌈 “Stop Wishing on a Rainbow” – Mnt Goat Says Dinar Reinstatement Is Closer Than You Think! 🇮🇶💥
Mnt Goat
...As investors in the dinar, we have to fully understand here what is going on and stop wishing on a rainbow for the RV...it is coming and sooner than you think, I assure you! ...
When the time is ready for the reinstatement it will kick off with the Project to Delete the Zeros, then monitor for inflation and then if all goes well they will move to reinstate the dinar back to FOREX.. .
Today’s articles once again only confirm what I have been hearing from my CBI contact and what other past articles have told us...
Since 2011 there was a vision developed for Iraq and it took years to push Iraq in the direction needed, if they ever wanted to get their currency back. But this is the time and we are watching this vision play out...
Even though the vision for Iraq has changed since the Dr. Shabibi time, the process to move the currency back to FOREX has not.
Has The Central Bank Destroyed The Private Banking Sector In Iraq Forever?
Has The Central Bank Destroyed The Private Banking Sector In Iraq Forever?
A dysfunctional banking sector in an oil country July 17, 2025 Last updated: July 17, 2025
Al-Mustaqilla / Investigative Report / - Although Iraq possesses vast oil wealth, its banking sector remains primitive, lacking depth and reliability. This is clearly demonstrated by the weakness of financial inclusion, with only 19% of citizens owning a bank account, one of the lowest rates in the region.
This weakness reflects a profound structural flaw in the relationship between citizens and banks and
raises fundamental questions about the effectiveness of monetary policies and banking supervision
in Iraq.
Controversial Monetary Policies
In recent years, the Central Bank of Iraq has pursued erratic monetary policies, most notably uncontrolled monetary expansion.
The money supply increased from 46 trillion dinars to more than 100 trillion dinars in just two years, without corresponding real economic growth.
This led to inflation exceeding 7.5%,prompting the Central Bank to raise interest rates to 7.5% before later reducing them to 5.5%, a move that had no tangible impact on the market.
Furthermore, a large gap remained between the interest rate on loans, which exceeds 10%, and
the interest rate on deposits, which barely reaches 7%, deepening citizens' reluctance to deposit and weakening banks' ability to provide financing.
Out-Of-System Criticism And Loss Of Trust
The problem lies not only in policies, but also in the grim reality that the vast majority of cash in circulation is outside the banking system.
This massive leakage weakens banks' ability to perform their role as financial intermediaries and reflects a genuine crisis of confidence between citizens and banks.
Following banking bankruptcy scandals, the dominance of partisan figures in some private banks,
declining services, and the absence of any effective deposit insurance system, citizens have come to view banks as a threat rather than a refuge.
Consumer Loans Without Real Development
One of the most notable failures is that most of the loans granted by banks in recent years have been
directed toward consumption, not production.
Car financing, personal loans, and installments for recreational purposes have gone unmet,
with no real focus on supporting productive projects or small businesses.
This has led to increased speculation in the real estate market and rising land prices,
without any real production or job creation. Instead, it has led to population growth and urbanization without a corresponding economic structure.
Government Monopoly And Administrative Laxity
The Iraqi banking sector revolves around Rafidain and Rashid Banks, which control most of the sector's assets.
However,
their performance is weak,
their administrative structures are clearly lax, and
their branches are not electronically connected and lack a modern technical infrastructure.
Meanwhile, the Central Bank has failed to
develop a strict regulatory framework or
impose governance on bank boards of directors,
allowing small financial institutions to operate outside regulatory control for many years.
Currency Window As An Entry Point For Money Laundering
One of the most dangerous tools that contributed to undermining the banking system is the foreign exchange window.
The central bank sells dollars at the official rate to private banks,
then resells them on the parallel market at a significant profit margin.
This mechanism provided an ideal environment for money laundering and smuggling abroad,
exploiting
weak banking oversight and
duplicate names and documents in transfer requests.
Many banks exploited these differences to make illicit profits, and
some had their licenses later revoked following international intervention.
International Sanctions Indicate A Defect
Beginning in 2022, the United States began imposing a ban on a number of Iraqi banks from dealing in dollars due to suspicions of suspicious transfers and money laundering.
The list was later expanded to include new banks,
disrupting a significant portion of foreign trade and remittance operations and
negatively impacting the Central Bank of Iraq's credibility with international institutions and correspondent banks.
Banking Licenses Without Clear Controls
In recent years, the Central Bank of Iraq has granted unprecedented numbers of new banking licenses,
bringing the number of private banks to over 70,
without any economic justification or genuine assessment of market needs.
This quantitative expansion has come
at the expense of quality and oversight,
contributing to the fragmentation of the banking market and the
creation of fragile entities, both financially and administratively weak,
often exploited as fronts for partisan agendas or foreign interests.
Negligence Of Banking Sovereignty
Although the Private Banking Law clearly sets a maximum foreign ownership limit in Iraqi banks,
not exceeding 25%, the Central Bank has unjustifiably overlooked this restriction.
Foreign financial institutions have been allowed to own significant stakes in a number of banks,
either directly or through local front companies.
This has
led to an imbalance in the ownership structure and
created external financial dependency that
threatens Iraq's economic decision-making and
undermines the independence of the national banking system.
Bleeding Profits Abroad Without Investment
In a dangerous precedent, the Central Bank allowed bank managements—most of which are owned by foreign institutions—to transfer more than 75% of their annual profits abroad in the form of dividends, without requiring them to reinvest a portion of these profits within the Iraqi market.
This behavior
violates the most basic rules of development banking and
should have been countered by clear measures
compelling these banks to
develop their services,
strengthen their capital, or
contribute to national investment projects,
rather than becoming mere channels for transferring hard currency abroad.
Urgent International Advice For Reform
Several international institutions, including the US Treasury, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, have made clear recommendations.
Prominent among them are:
stricter compliance with anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing laws,
enhanced transparency in dollar transactions,
strengthened internal and external oversight of banks,
reviewed asset quality, and modernized the sector's digital infrastructure.
These institutions also called for raising minimum bank capital and merging or liquidating distressed banks to create a more robust system.
Direct Responsibility Of The Central Bank
The Central Bank is not only a neutral supervisory body; it is also a genuine partner in the crisis.
It has
allowed the currency window to continue despite its risks,
failed to require banks to adhere to international governance standards,
been lax in enforcing controls on foreign ownership, and
failed to establish an effective legislative framework to protect depositors or regulate the banking structure.
Its responsibility is not merely technical, but also ethical and institutional in the face of an economy being drained.
The Opportunity For Reform Still Exists.
Despite the bleak outlook, there is still a chance to save the Iraqi banking system.
This requires
political and professional will, beginning with legislative reform,
imposing strict oversight,
enhancing transparency, and
cooperating with international institutions to restore confidence.
There can be no real development without a strong banking sector,
and no successful banking sector without an independent and effective central bank that understands that it is not just a guardian of liquidity, but also a stabilizing force.
https://mustaqila.com/القطاع-المصرفي/
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GOLDILOCKS: Banks Ready for Upcoming Currency Swaps – All Tests Finished @DINARREVALUATION #Iraq
Read also: Q & A WITH GINGER ABOUT HOW PEOPLE WILL RECEIVE NOTIFICATIONS AND THE PROCESS IN THE REDEMPTION CENTERS
