Monday, October 30, 2023
"RV UPDATE" BY MARKZ, 30 OCT
MarkZ
[via PDK] Question: ...how do you RI at $3 with 90 TRILLION of Dinar printed?
MarkZ: Good Question:
There has been a number of stories in the recent past that they have gotten trillions of dinar off the streets or confiscated.
We shared many of them over the last 9 months that they have pulled back in as much dinar as they could. Also they will pay for the RV over time with the “Oil for Dinar” program...
A lot of rumors coming out of Iraq right now. They still think they are a “GO” by Nov.1st...If you listen to the rumors- things are still beyond fantastic…Guess we will find out in the next day or two.
...news out of Iraq. Boy, they have a lot of anticipation between now and the 1st of Nov. With heavy emphasis on this weekend. Lots of chatter for a rate change by the 1st.
Iraq is trying to totally de-dollarize by Jan 1st so this means they have to move quick…they cannot de-dollarize unless they have a currency with a larger value. …
I still believe it will happen before the end of the year. There are some great global things happening and pointing to how close we are.
Navigating Turbulent Tides: Iraq’s Financial, Legal, and Political Challenges, 30 OCT
Navigating Turbulent Tides: Iraq’s Financial, Legal, and Political Challenges
In the intricate dance of geopolitics and economics, Iraq finds itself in the spotlight, grappling with a host of challenges, ranging from financial to legal disputes. Among the latest developments, the Iraqi parliament has announced an imminent financial aid package of 700 billion dinars for the Kurdistan Region – a lifeline that aims to support the salaried employees in a region grappling with economic strain.
Financial Relief Amid Economic Strain
The news of this financial aid package comes as a breath of fresh air for the Kurdistan Region, which has been wrestling with financial difficulties. With the region’s salaried employees bearing the brunt of these economic challenges, the aid package is expected to alleviate some of the strain, ensuring salaries are paid on time. Yet, this is but a drop in the ocean of challenges the region faces.
Legal Disputes on the Horizon
Adding to the region’s woes, the Federal Supreme Court is slated to convene on October 29th, with three complaints related to the Kurdistan Region on its docket. These complaints indicate ongoing disputes between the federal government and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), signaling a deeper, systemic issue that extends beyond temporary financial relief. The outcomes of these cases could potentially have far-reaching implications, shaping the future relationship between the federal government and the KRG.
Exchange Rates and Corruption
As legal battles loom, the Iraqi dinar has managed to stabilize against the US dollar. This stability is a welcome sign for the economy, providing a semblance of certainty for businesses and investors. Yet, inconsistencies persist, with money exchangers selling the dollar for more than its official rate. Amid this, the Central Bank of Iraq has launched an electronic reservation service for dollars, marking a significant step towards modernization. But with the convenience of digital transactions comes the risk of fraud, prompting a warning from the Central Bank against unlicensed entities issuing electronic payment cards.
On a more positive note, the Supreme Judicial Council has managed to recover 775 million dinars from individuals accused of financial and administrative corruption. This signifies the government’s commitment to combating corruption and fostering transparency, crucial steps towards improving Iraq’s business environment.
Political Tensions and International Relations
On the political front, the Kurdistan Regional Government has expressed frustration over delays in receiving funds earmarked for employee salaries. This issue has escalated to the point where a government delegation from Erbil is set to visit Baghdad for discussions. The tension between the two governments underscores the complexity of the financial and political landscape in Iraq.
Meanwhile, in the realm of international relations, the anticipated visit of Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani to Washington is a topic of discussion. The visit is shrouded in expectations and speculations, with the potential to shape Iraq’s relationship with the US. However, it also raises the specter of potential repercussions, should Iraq choose to sever ties with Washington.
In summary, Iraq’s journey is marked by an intricate interplay of financial, legal, and political challenges. However, amid the complexities, the country also reveals signs of resilience and progress. The question remains: Can the government sustain these efforts and navigate the turbulent tides of change?
Al-Awadi: The Government May Have To Sell The Dollar Directly If The Crisis Continues, 30 OCT
Al-Awadi: The Government May Have To Sell The Dollar Directly If The Crisis Continues
10/29/2023 888 views The Iraqi government spokesman, Bassem Al-Awadi, revealed today, Sunday, what the government of Muhammad Shiaa Al-Sudani achieved during the first year of its life,
pointing out that the latter placed a set of political norms in the government program, while stressing that the government may be forced to sell the dollar directly if the crisis continues.. Al-Awadifi said in a televised interview,
“The result is optimistic in the first year of the government’s life and we seek to provide the best,” noting, “Al-Sudani established a set of political norms within his government program that were based on the basics of addressing poverty, unemployment, employment, and services,” explaining that “Al-Sudani established executive oversight.”
On the decisions and orders issued, a semi-annual report was also prepared to evaluate the government’s performance, and this is something that did not exist previously.” He added, "The government achieved more than 35% of the government program in its first year."
He stated that during the first year, the total amount of funds to be preserved from waste reached one billion dollars, and more than one hundred million were recovered, while the number of reports reached 30,000, 8,690 people were brought in for investigation, 3,015 arrest warrants were issued, in addition to the arrest of 1,300 people, and the recovery files amounted to Fugitives 70 files .
Al-Awadi touched on the dollar crisis, stressing that this crisis is major and affected the rise in the prices of cars, real estate, and construction materials,
but the government was able to maintain food prices, and this is most important.
He explained that trade with China will be opened in yen value, and our trade with Iran and the UAE will be in tomans and dirhams.
He pointed out, "The government may have to sell the dollar directly if the crisis continues and through government exchanges," noting at the same time that "inflation in Iraq decreased by 4%."
Regarding Al-Sudani’s speech during the Cairo summit and the rumors about Washington’s anger, the government spokesman stressed that “Iraq is a sovereign country and has a decision, and in his speech he expressed the position of Iraq and its people, and we do not care who accepts or is upset.”
Ali stressed, "We did not receive threats regarding Al-Sudani's speech," adding that "protecting missions is the government's responsibility and it must carry it out properly."
Evening News with MarkZ. 10/30/2023
In Baghdad and Erbil: A Tale of Two Markets and the Dance of Currencies, 30 OCT
In Baghdad and Erbil: A Tale of Two Markets and the Dance of Currencies, 30 OCT
In the bustling markets of Baghdad, the exchange rate of the US dollar to the Iraqi dinar is on the rise. In the hushed, cooler climes of Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Region, it is subtly dropping. It’s a dance of numbers and currencies, a testament to the ebb and flow of Iraq’s economic pulse. It’s a story of two cities, two markets, and one currency caught in the middle.
A Tale of Two Markets
The US dollar, in the heat of Baghdad’s markets, rose at the opening of Al-Kifah and Al-Harithiya stock exchanges, hitting 161,550 dinars. But in Erbil, it fell slightly, with exchange shops selling at 161,250 dinars. The fluctuation, though minor, has caused a ripple in the markets, especially amidst the soaring demand for the Iraqi Dinar in Erbil.
(Read Also: Dagestan: A Microcosm of Rising Anti-Semitism Amid Israeli-Palestinian Conflict)
The Drivers of Currency Fluctuation
Behind these numbers lie various influencers. The demand for the Iraqi dinar in Erbil is a clear signal of the US dollar’s safe-haven status. This is driven by political instability, economic uncertainty, and concerns about the stability of the Iraqi dinar. The rise in Baghdad, on the other hand, could be attributed to the overall economic conditions in Iraq, which include political instability, security concerns, and a lack of diversification in the economy. These factors can depress the value of the Iraqi dinar, leading to an increased demand for US dollars.
(Read Also: US Vice-President Kamala Harris Rules Out Military Intervention in Israel-Gaza Conflict)
While these local factors drive fluctuations, global economic factors also play a part. The performance of the US economy, global trade dynamics, and geopolitical events can all impact the value of the Iraqi dinar. Therefore, the dance of currencies is choreographed by both local and global forces.
The Role of Central Banks
However, the exchange rate is not solely a product of market forces. Central banks, including the Central Bank of Iraq, have the power to intervene in foreign exchange markets to stabilize exchange rates and manage the value of the national currency. In Iraq, the Central Bank has implemented various measures to stabilize the exchange rates and maintain the value of the Iraqi dinar. These measures include interventions in the foreign exchange market, the implementation of monetary policies, and the management of foreign currency reserves.
The fluctuation in the exchange rates of the US dollar against the Iraqi dinar underscores the challenges of managing an economy in a volatile global economic environment. It also highlights the importance of implementing sound economic policies, diversifying the economy, and addressing underlying structural issues for long-term stability and growth.
In a world where currencies are not just mediums of exchange but barometers of national economic health, the tale of the US dollar and the Iraqi dinar in Baghdad and Erbil is a story that reflects the complexities of Iraq’s economic landscape.
The Dollar’s Dance: Geopolitics and the Global Commodities Market, 30 OCT
The Dollar’s Dance: Geopolitics and the Global Commodities Market
In the bustling exchange shops of Baghdad and Erbil, the US dollar surged on Monday, following the closure of Al-Kifah and Al-Harthiya stock exchanges. The dollar prices reached 161,900 Iraqi dinars for every $100, compared to the morning rates of 161,550 dinars against $100. But behind these figures, lies a deeper economic narrative – a reflection of the complex interplay between geopolitics and global commodities market.
The Dollar’s Dance in Baghdad and Erbil
Exchange shops in the local markets of Baghdad reported a rise in selling prices, reaching 163,000 Iraqi dinars for $100, while the purchasing price stood at 161,000 dinars for the same amount. In Erbil, the selling price reached 161,500 dinars for every $100, and the purchasing price at 161,400 dinars.
These fluctuations in dollar prices are not mere daily market variations. They are the echoes of a global commodities market responding to the reverberations of conflict. And this time, the conflict in question is the ongoing Israel-Gaza tension.
Ripples in the Oil Market
The World Bank warns that the conflict, initiated by an attack from Hamas on Israel, may lead to a significant surge in commodity prices, particularly oil and gas. Energy prices have already seen a 9% increase since the start of the conflict, with potential for further shocks. This situation echoes historical events such as the Arab oil embargo, Iranian revolution, and the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, which caused substantial disruptions in oil supplies.
If the conflict escalates significantly, it could disrupt oil supplies extensively leading to an initial surge in oil prices and impacting other markets. The World Bank’s commodity price index has already experienced a 5% rise in Q3 due to supply-side issues in the oil markets. The World Bank forecasts average oil prices at $90 a barrel this quarter but has also provided three different scenarios based on varying levels of disruption: small-disruption scenario, medium disruption, and regional conflict.
Global Impact and the Future
The global reliance on oil has lessened with a geographically diverse supply, which could potentially mitigate some of the effects of escalation. In addition to oil and gas, natural gas and gold prices are also expected to rise due to the conflict, with futures for these commodities anticipated to cross $2,000 an ounce.
Overall, the World Bank’s warning highlights the potential for significant disruptions in commodity markets and the broader economy if the conflict escalates further. Investors and policymakers across the world should closely monitor the situation. And as the dollars dance in Baghdad and Erbil, it serves as a reminder of how closely our global economies are intertwined, shaped by geopolitics and the tides of conflict.
https://bnn.network/finance-nav/the-dollars-dance-geopolitics-and-the-global-commodities-market/
"RV UPDATE" BY WOLVERINE & CLARE, 30 OCT
Wolverine
“Already in South America some people have been told which bank they have to go. We are close, so stand by everyone.”
Clare
Article: "Iraq is working to join the World Trade Organization (WTO). "
Quote: "In the meeting, Al-Hashemi reviewed Iraq’s current efforts and its plan for the next stage in completing the technical files...
and preparing them in accordance with the organization’s conditions and fruitful cooperation with international organizations supporting Iraq’s accession to the organization and its quest to obtain full membership in the organization.”
Article "In response to Al-Sadr's call, a parliamentarian announces the start of collecting signatures to close the American embassy in Baghdad"
Baghdad.. 6 years imprisonment for the counterfeit currency promoter, 30 OCT
Baghdad.. 6 years imprisonment for the counterfeit currency promoter
"RV UPDATE" BY MILITIAMAN, 30 OCT
Militia Man
There's progress...going into an International world is evident. There's proof of it...
Every one asks why isn't it [HCL] done yet?...Everybody wants it today...I know everybody wants it. So do I, but the truth is we're seeing things that's never been done before...They have the law out there and written. They just haven't got to it. ..I think we all know...if they were going to do it at 1310, 1305 or 1320 they would have already done this by now and they haven't...I hope and pray...the thing that they need is an international Article VIII compliant exchange rate...
A lot of different things that go on behind the scenes that your average person has no idea that it's even going on. They're just looking for what we all are to some degree - When's it going to go, when's it going to happen. But it's a complex process and the awesome thing about it is what we're seeing in public and behind the scenes is showing it's coming. It's coming fast. It's coming furious. It's good.
Iraq’s Political Enigma and International Diplomacy: A Tale of Two Cities, 30 OCT
Iraq’s Political Enigma and International Diplomacy: A Tale of Two Cities
In the shadows of the towering citadels of power in Baghdad, a meeting of significant political magnitude unfolded. The Prime Minister of Iraq, Muhammad Shi’a Al-Sudani, and the Speaker of the Iraqi House of Representatives, Muhammad Al-Halbousi, convened with the Chairman and members of the Electoral Commission Council. Yet, the veil of secrecy shrouded the specifics of this rendezvous, leaving the political landscape of Iraq in a state of anticipatory suspense.
The Enigma of Iraqi Politics
The clandestine nature of this meeting is emblematic of the political labyrinth that characterizes Iraq’s governance. The lack of publicly available details about the agenda or outcomes of the meeting provokes speculation. It underscores the complexities and uncertainties that have long marked Iraqi politics, a dynamic intricately woven with threads of tribal allegiances, sectarian interests, and foreign influences.
However, the conspicuous participation of the Electoral Commission Council hints at the meeting’s potential significance. With the country’s parliamentary elections recently concluded and the formation of the new government underway, the Council’s involvement could signal crucial discussions about the political direction of Iraq.
A Bridge to Shusha: Solidarity in Reconstruction
While political machinations unfolded in the halls of Baghdad, a delegation from Iraq embarked on a journey to the city of Shusha in Azerbaijan. The scars of war were evident as the delegation toured Fuzuli International Airport, observing first-hand the destruction wrought by the Armenian occupation and the ongoing reconstruction efforts of the Azerbaijani government.
They walked through the city streets, where monuments of cultural icons stood vandalized, a mute testament to the devastation of cultural heritage during the occupation. The delegation was then briefed on the city’s history and the extensive restoration works supervised by President Ilham Aliyev and First Vice President Mehriban Aliyeva.
A Shared Story of Resilience
The Iraqi delegation’s visit to Shusha is emblematic of the deep-rooted ties between Iraq and Azerbaijan. It serves as a gesture of solidarity with Azerbaijan’s territorial integrity and a testament to their shared resilience in the face of adversity. This diplomatic overture reflects the mutual support that both nations extend to each other’s causes, whether it be the pursuit of political stability in Iraq or the massive reconstruction efforts in Azerbaijan’s liberated territories.
This tale of two cities, Baghdad and Shusha, underscores the interconnected narrative of global diplomacy. It highlights the strategic alliances that shape national destinies and the shared human experiences that transcend geographical and cultural borders. As Iraq grapples with its political future and Azerbaijan with its reconstruction, their stories intertwine, showcasing the enduring power of international cooperation in shaping a resilient and peaceful regional order.
Conflict in Middle East: World Bank Warns of Potential Oil Price Shocks, 30 OCT
Conflict in Middle East: World Bank Warns of Potential Oil Price Shocks, 30 OCT
The conflict between Israel and Gaza has escalated, with Israeli ministers declaring that the war will not be short-lived and they are resolved to secure victory. As the world watches this tension unfurl, fresh concerns are being raised about the possible ripple effects on the global economy, particularly the oil market, which is already grappling with the fallout from the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Global Oil Market on Alert
The World Bank has sounded the alarm bell, warning that the conflict could trigger a sharp increase in oil prices, potentially creating a double shock to the energy market. It noted that the impact of the conflict has so far been limited, with oil prices climbing by about 6%, while other commodity prices such as food and metals remain relatively stable.
However, the bank also outlined three possible scenarios for oil prices depending on the extent of the disruption to oil supplies. A mild disruption, akin to the Libyan civil war in 2011, could push prices up to $103 per barrel. A moderate disruption, like the Iraq war in 2003, could see prices rise by 35% to $121 per barrel. In the event of a severe disruption mirroring the Arab oil embargo in 1973, the prices could surge by 75% to reach $157 per barrel.
Potential Double Energy Shock
Indrawati Gill, the World Bank’s Chief Economist, expressed concern that the recent conflict in the Middle East occurs on the heels of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has been described as the largest shock to commodity markets since the 1970s. If the Middle East conflict escalates, the world could be facing a double energy shock — one from Ukraine and another from the Middle East.
The World Bank also highlighted the potential impact of rising oil prices on food prices, which could exacerbate global food insecurity. A surge in oil prices could trigger inflation in food prices, which is already a growing concern in many developing countries. The bank pointed out that over 700 million people, nearly one-tenth of the world’s population, are already suffering from malnutrition, and the escalating conflict could worsen food insecurity both in the region and globally.
Preparing for Potential Shocks
Despite the limited impact of the conflict on commodity prices to date, the World Bank acknowledged that the global economy is better equipped to handle major oil price shocks than in the 1970s. Countries have significantly reduced their dependence on oil, with the amount of oil required to generate one dollar of GDP decreasing by more than half since 1970. They have diversified their oil sources and expanded their energy resources, including renewable energy. Some countries have even established strategic oil reserves, supply coordination arrangements, and developed futures markets to mitigate the impact of oil shortages on prices.
While these improvements suggest that the impact of an escalation in the conflict may be more moderate than in the past, policymakers need to stay vigilant. Certain commodities, particularly gold, often serve as safe-haven investments during periods of conflict and uncertainty, indicating a potential erosion of investor confidence.
In the event of conflict escalation, developing countries will need strategies to manage potential inflation increases. To avoid worsening price volatility and food insecurity, governments should steer clear of trade restrictions such as export bans on food and fertilizers. They should also refrain from imposing price controls and support measures in response to rising food and oil prices.
In conclusion, while the impact of the conflict on commodity prices has been limited so far, policymakers need to be prepared for potential risks and take measures to manage potential inflation increases and food insecurity.
"RV UPDATE" BY FRANK26, 30 OCT
Frank26
Article: "Iraq is working to join the World Trade Organization (WTO)"
Quote: "To review the steps taken by Iraq and the Ministry of Trade to complete the technical files that must be submitted to the organization during the coming period, which will be sent by the organization’s secretariat and the accession department to member states in preparation for holding the next negotiating rounds." FULL MEMBERSHIP... FULL THROTTLE ON THE MONETARY REFORM !
Question "When everything happens and the exchange rate has been announced, do we have to exchange everything we have at once or can we do it incrementally?"
That is a personal decision You must decide how much you want to hold
and how much you want to fold and when you want to hold it and when
you want to fold it.
The new exchange rate is the hope of the Iraqi citizens that they can't see yet. It's unseen to them but yet the evidence is there...
Hadi al-Amiri calls for the withdrawal of Coalition forces from Iraq, 30 OCT
Hadi al-Amiri calls for the withdrawal of Coalition forces from Iraq
Shafaq News/ Hadi al-Amiri, the Secretary-General of the Badr Organization, on Monday said that there is no longer a need for the presence of Global Coalition forces in Iraq, stressing that it hinders the development of the Iraqi army and other security institutions.
Al-Amiri, a prominent Shia leader in the ruling coordination framework, continued, "It is truly reprehensible that after all the significant achievements and major victories our security and military agencies have accomplished in their battle against ISIS at its peak, some still argue for the necessity of keeping international forces under the pretext of assisting Iraqi security forces in dealing with the remnants of this terrorism."
On Palestine, al-Amiri explained that after a period of calm, attacks resumed on the presence of US forces at the Ain al-Assad and Harir bases by factions of the Islamic resistance in Iraq. He described those attacks "as a natural reaction to the alignment of the United States and some European countries with the occupying Zionist entity in committing war crimes against the people of Gaza."
Al-Amiri paid tribute to Palestinian resistance, referring to it as the force that "broke the back of the Zionist enemy and conquered an army that was said to be unbeatable."
Newspapers follow the advantages of Iraq's joining the BRICS group and the problems of the Iraqi banking system, 30 oct
Newspapers follow the advantages of Iraq's joining the BRICS group and the problems of the Iraqi banking system
Newspapers published in Baghdad today, Monday, October 30, followed the economic advantages of Iraq’s accession to the BRICS group, the problems of the Iraqi banking system... and other issues.
Regarding the advantages of joining the BRICS group, Al-Sabah newspaper, published by the Iraqi Media Network, quoted the Prime Minister’s Advisor for Financial and Economic Affairs,
Dr. Mazhar Muhammad Salih: “The BRICS group was initially formed from countries that included Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.” Africa,” indicating: There is an objective basis for Iraq’s desire to join the group represented by the Iraqi economy’s ties with the countries of the group due to its dependence on an important percentage of Iraq’s oil exports of no less than 55%, especially China and India, and that approximately 70% of Iraq’s imports are with countries. (BRICS) or those seeking to join it.”
Muhammad Saleh added: “This means that the commercial partnership and Iraq’s strong economic interests automatically push towards international economic cooperation with our trading partners, especially in the issue of looking towards broader areas in the flow of the group’s investments to our country in the context of obtaining The advantages of joining in a way that serves the future of sustainable development and economic progress in our country.”
He explained that: “According to the purchasing power parity standard; Brazil, Russia, India, and China are among the ten largest countries in the world in terms of population, area, and gross domestic product, according to the purchasing power parity standard. The last three countries (India, China, and Russia) are considered major and potential emerging powers, while all five countries in the “BRICS” group are also members of the G20, which includes the United States of America and the rest of the G7
. Jalil Al-Lami, in an interview with Al-Sabah, said: “Iraq has announced on more than one occasion its readiness to join the BRICS group, especially since the Iraqi economy is distinguished in most of its indicators by the diversity of natural, human and capital resources, but it suffers from the control of the oil sector over “Gross Domestic Product.”
He stated: “There is a great similarity between Iraq’s economic capabilities and capabilities with what the BRICS countries possess, and thus it is easy for Iraq to achieve high economic growth rates such as those achieved by those countries due to their reliance on more than one resource.” newspaper
. Al-Zawraa, which is issued by the Iraqi Journalists Syndicate, followed the issue of the problems that the Iraqi banking system suffers from, and the causes of hoarding and lack of confidence in banks. In this regard, it referred to the words of economic expert Nabil Al-Ali: “The banking system is like a young system despite this large number of banks.”
But they were banks that lived during a period of 20 years on one issue, which was the currency selling window, and they were the beneficiaries because it came through the mediation process and benefited from the price differences.”
He added: "Some banks have begun working on the issue of commercial credit and how to profit from it, even if in a limited way. It is possible that these banks will gradually develop and enter into partnerships with major banks or without correspondence and carry out banking operations that benefit the economy, the investor and the country."
Regarding the problem of hoarding, he explained: “Hoarding is a social behavior and part of our behavior because we do not deposit our money in bank accounts. The other matter is that banks do not meet all our needs, so why do we deposit our money in a bank whose branches are few and the withdrawal timings are specific,” indicating: “The banks have not reached A stage of providing services, such as electronic services and other services.
The expert continued: “There are certain periods in which confidence in the banking system weakened, especially after some of them went under guardianship, and the bankruptcy of others during the period from approximately 2014 to 2016, and there were some that were unable to return depositors’ money.” In another matter, Al-Zaman newspaper followed the issue of climate change and trends.
Towards a sustainable green economy.
The Minister of Environment, Nizar Amidi, was quoted as saying: “The Ministry is leading the issue of the green economy and Iraq’s openness to investment in this aspect, with a value of up to 100 billion dollars until the years 2030 and 2035, and allocating some of the necessary budgets in the national budget to support this purposeful trend.” To improve the environment in Iraq, and encourage the adoption of a project to start and stimulate comprehensive environmental improvement and the green economy in the country.”
While the ministry’s spokesman, Amir Ali Al-Hassoun, said, according to Al-Zaman: “Article 35 of the Environmental Protection and Improvement Law No. 27 of 2009, It is linked to clauses two, three and four of Article 20 in the same law, which are concerned with the management of hazardous materials and waste and the criminalization of their possession.
He explained: “The crime of possession includes a prison sentence of three months and the imposition of a fine ranging from one million to ten million dinars, and it is doubled if it is not removed. The person concerned shall be obliged to return hazardous or radioactive materials and waste to the source for safe disposal.”
Al-Hassoun stated: “The Department of Chemical Control and Evaluation of Contaminated Sites in the Ministry completed, during the past year, a study and evaluation of more than a thousand chemicals imported into Iraq, including about 130 environmental approvals after verifying their risks and the safety of their storage. link
Coffee with MarkZ. 10/30/2023
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