Monday, July 28, 2025
Iraqi Planning Ministry Explores "Dollar Journey" in Iraqi Economy
The Ministry of Planning has hosted a consultative session on the "Journey of the Dollar in the Iraqi Economy: Between Monetary Policy and the Market."
Organised by the Department of Economic and Financial Policies, the session brought together department heads and staff to analyse the sources, flows, and impact of foreign currency-primarily the US dollar-on Iraq's economy.
Fatima Mohsen Mohammed, Head of the Macroeconomics Division in the Economic Policy and Modelling Department, explained that oil exports account for approximately 95% of Iraq's foreign currency inflows and more than 90% of state revenues. Other sources include:
- Remittances from Iraqis abroad (2-3%)
- Non-oil exports, such as dates, sulfur, phosphates, and basic agricultural and industrial goods (1%)
- Foreign investments and international aid, including loans, grants, and support from institutions like the IMF and World Bank (variable)
- Religious tourism, which contributes 1-2%
- Airlines, transport, and services sectors, which currently have minimal dollar inflow impact
The discussion also examined the stages and mechanisms by which dollars enter Iraq and the interaction between monetary policy and market dynamics in influencing those flows.
(Source: Ministry of Planning)
MARKZ: "Iraq Goes Gold-Backed? Major Signs Point to Imminent Dinar Revaluation!"
MARKZ
π₯ Iraq was very active over the weekend with promising economic moves:
✅ The Bank of Baghdad is now the first sovereign bank in Iraq – signaling true international status.
✅ Iraq pushes forward on its 3-year monetary reform plan — Sudani aims to restore Dinar value and purchasing power.
✅ Iraq is moving to replace the dollar with gold, indicating a shift toward asset-backed currency
.
✅ Dollar shipments to Iraq have reportedly stopped – adding speculation of an imminent Dinar revaluation.
π¬ Bond holders expect key activity on July 28th. Many sources anticipate action overnight into Tuesday.
πΊπΈ In the U.S., Trump’s team hints at tariff rebates for taxpayers — possibly even “helicopter money” as economic relief.
π£️ Community sentiment: High hopes for Aug. 1st and beyond — but cautious optimism as people await concrete results.
π Ongoing discussion on the parallel market rate in Iraq and whether parity is the final trigger for the RV.
Billions In Fines... Has The Central Bank Launched A Bank Purge?
Billions In Fines... Has The Central Bank Launched A Bank Purge?
July 27, 2025 Last updated: July 27, 2025 Al-Mustaqilla/- In a move that has raised many questions within banking circles, the Central Bank of Iraq has begun implementing financial sanctions on a number of private banks and exchange companies.
This is part of a campaign aimed at correcting the course of the banking sector, which is facing increasing criticism regarding poor compliance and exchange rate manipulation.
According to a schedule published yesterday afternoon, the value of fines imposed on banks and exchange companies amounted to more than 24 billion Iraqi dinars uring the second quarter of this year.
This figure reflects the extent of accumulated violations in the local banking market,which observers believe pose a direct threat to the stability of the currency and the policies of the Central Bank. An informed source revealed to Al-Mustaqilla that these sanctions come within the context of a broader movement that began to take shape following a recent meeting in Istanbul between a delegation from the Central Bank of Iraq and a US Federal Reserve official.
The move comes after the "Istanbul meeting.”
The meeting, according to leaks, witnessed a heated discussion about Iraq's commitment to international standards for combating money laundering and terrorist financing, with threats of new sanctions that could affect the Iraqi banking sector unless urgent reform measures are taken.
Will Iraq witness the withdrawal of bank holidays soon?
Economic sources indicate that the recent sanctions may be a preliminary step toward revoking the
licenses of some banks and exchange companies that have failed to comply with regulations and instructions, particularly those involved in dollar smuggling or manipulation of exchange rates on the parallel market.
Observers expect the coming days to witness a broad audit campaign led by the Central Bank, in coordination with regulatory and security agencies, to control banking performance and address the chaos that has contributed to market turmoil and undermined public confidence.
Message to banks: comply or exit the market
The Central Bank's latest move could be a clear message to financial institutions: "Commitment first," as the Iraqi government seeks to assert state sovereignty over the financial sector and distance itself from political pressures and vested interests that have hindered sector reform for years. Experts believe that the success of these measures depends on serious implementation, and not just financial fines, but also holding those responsible for violations acountable and withdrawing banking privileges from the parties involved. https://mustaqila.com/ΨΊΨ±Ψ§Ω
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Monday Coffee with MarkZ. 07/28/2025
Monday Coffee with MarkZ. 07/28/2025
Some highlights by PDK-Not verbatim
MarkZ Disclaimer: Please consider everything on this call as my opinion. People who take notes do not catch everything and its best to watch the video so that you get everything in context. Be sure to consult a professional for any financial decisions
Member: Good Monday Morning…….a new week full of new possibilities!!
Member: Well it’s the 28th, what say you RV Gods?
Member: Normally Monday are slow news days, Not today, supposedly good news coming our way !
MZ: We are hoping for a wild ride this week. Busy in Iraq over the weekend.
Member:! I can’t wait for the day you have life changing news for us!
Member: Lots of chatter for today and tomorrow and even this week.
MZ: Bond information was the same as Saturday. All the expectations point to things happening overnight tonight. Most of my contacts should check in by tomorrow evening. They are looking at something key happening on the 28th (today) so they could get their dollars.
Member: Mark Do we have to have a list of the Serial #s of our currencies to take to the redemption center?
MZ: I have been told repeatedly- NO
Member: Per coinbase: Coinbase is set to undergo a scheduled upgrade at approximately 7:00 AM PT on Saturday, August 2, 2025. We expect this upgrade to take up to three hours, however this estimated time..
Member: I wonder about August 1st …a day that is going to bring us what Trump was talking about & is calling August 1st a sacred day?
Member: I wish I had more faith. Struggle some days. We are losing people every day. We were so sure this would happen months ago. Praying Aug 1st is our day.
Member: Aug. 1st is tariff day……and DJT said the US people may get a rebate check back from the success of tarrifs.
MZ: “Trump proposes rebates for US taxpayers from tariff revenues” So there is a hope for helicopter money to help with our bills. I do not know if this is just political posturing or if its real. Years ago I had contacts who were convinced that there would be some type of helicopter money just before we go. It was a very connected person, but after all this time do not know if that is still valid. I hope it does come to something because so many people are hurting and need it.
Member: Helicopter money would be an excellent cover for RV
Member: IMO- Unless the gold standard gets announced, there’s no way to give people money back when the debt is $36T.
Member: Howard Lutnick…..Trumps financial advisor said this weekend that they are at about 700 billion income from tarrifs now and when they hit $750 B they could cut income taxes for most of us!!! “ “Howard Lutnick said, anywhere approaching $750B, we have the line of site to cut income tax to ZERO for anyone making $150k or less.”
MZ: In Iraq: “ The road to development will change the map of the economy and make Iraq a hub for global trade” It should make more than their oil and petrochemicals market. Huge developments in Iraq.
MZ: “ Bank of Baghdad achieves historic milestone as first bank in Iraq” First sovereign bank…and it can do everything. INTERNATIONAL. This may be the beginning of the value change.
MZ: Along with that: “ Monetary Policy: Monetary stability and Digital Transformation methodology 2023-2025” Remember- they had a 3 year plan for monetary reforms. Sudani told us there was a plan to lift the purchasing power of the dinar and restore it to its former glory. They are showing us the game plan. We are down to the last steps.
MZ: “ Iraq is replacing the dollar with gold. Yellow shield in the face of economic storms” In other words Iraq is going asset backed. When they talk about replacing the dollar….they are talking about replacing fiat money.
Member: And US Halts Dollar Shipments to Iraq... whats that gonna do?? Means Dinar is set for Major Revaluation!" IMO
MZ: I totally agree
Member: Mark, could you maybe shed some light on the parallel market in Iraq ? Will this thing ( RV) only go when the parallel rate reaches parity ?
Member: Nadar said soon….. very soon
Member: Our buddy Frank had some information on inflation things should pop off in a 3 week time frame if not sooner
Member: We were looking for a crash at one point. Guess that is not a thing anymore?
Member: I feel the news has been so good. We have to be getting close!
Member: Mark seems Salty today~he’s tired of waiting too yall!
Member: We are all salty…….Come on RV.
Member: Thanks Mark and mods……hope everyone has a great day!!!
π¨ IT’S HAPPENING! Bank Screens Show RV Rates LIVE! π΅ IQD: $8.73 | VND: $5.12 π₯
A groundbreaking and irreversible shift is occurring in the global financial system as it rapidly transitions to a gold-backed structure.
The imminent activation of Tier 4B notifications signals the final release of payouts.
Confirmed major transactions are underway in key financial centers such as Hong Kong, London, and Dubai, while traditional fiat currencies face collapse under mounting pressure.
This shift is causing liquidity shortages in major banks, leading to urgent, secret meetings among IMF officials. Military and special operations forces have been deployed to secure vital financial hubs and prevent any disruptions during this critical phase.
The final stage of this financial reset is progressing faster than anticipated, with completion expected within 12 to 24 hours.
Those involved in private groups are advised to prepare for forthcoming instructions and payouts. Overall, this marks a dramatic overhaul of global finance, moving away from the old centralized fiat system toward a new era supported by gold backing and heightened security measures.
- ⚡ Tier 4B notifications and final triggers for payouts are imminent.
- π Confirmed historic transactions in Hong Kong, London, and Dubai.
- π° Major banks face liquidity shortages amid fund redirection to the new system.
- π¨ IMF officials hold urgent, secret meetings as control wanes.
- π‘️ Military and special ops deployed to secure key financial hubs.
- ⏳ Transition to the gold-backed financial system is irreversible and accelerating.
- π© Final instructions for private group participants expected within 12 to 24 hours.
Key Insights
⚙️ Systemic Financial Transition Underway: The transcript reveals that the current global financial architecture, dominated by fiat currency and central banking control, is undergoing an unprecedented reset. The shift toward a gold-backed system signifies a fundamental restructuring aimed at stabilizing currencies and restoring confidence in global markets. This move could reduce reliance on fiat money, which has been prone to inflation and manipulation.
π Global Coordination and Impact: The mentions of confirmed transactions in major financial centers like Hong Kong, London, and Dubai underscore the global scale of the transition. These cities are critical nodes in international finance, suggesting that the reset is not isolated but involves coordinated efforts across multiple jurisdictions and financial institutions.
π Heightened Security Measures Indicate High Stakes: The deployment of military and special operations teams to secure key financial hubs highlights the sensitivity and potential volatility of the transition. This level of security suggests concerns over sabotage, foreign interference, or civil unrest, reflecting the immense geopolitical and economic stakes involved in dismantling the old system.
πΈ Liquidity Shortages Reflect Systemic Stress: The liquidity shortages in major banks signal real-time financial stress as liquidity is diverted from traditional fiat systems into the new gold-backed framework. This liquidity crunch may induce temporary instability in markets but also serves as a clear indicator that the old system’s control mechanisms are weakening.
π¦ IMF’s Eroding Influence: The transcript notes urgent behind-closed-doors meetings by IMF officials, highlighting the institution’s diminishing control over the global financial order. As the IMF has historically been a central player in global economic governance, its reduced influence suggests a significant power shift toward emerging financial paradigms.
⏳ Urgency and Immediacy: The countdown of 12 to 24 hours until the full reset completion conveys a sense of immediacy and urgency. This rapid timeline indicates that the transition is progressing faster than expected, necessitating heightened vigilance among stakeholders and participants to respond quickly to forthcoming instructions.
π Tiered Payout System and Private Group Involvement: The reference to multiple tiered payouts (Tier 1, 2, 3, and 4B) and private group confirmations points to a structured and phased approach to releasing funds within this new financial framework.
This tier system may reflect levels of access or entitlement, underscoring the complexity and controlled nature of the distribution process during the reset.
In summary, the transcript captures a momentous, coordinated global financial reset characterized by the collapse of the old fiat currency system, the rise of a gold-backed alternative, and strategic security measures to ensure a smooth transition.
The urgency, scale, and depth of the changes forecast a transformative era in global finance with profound implications for markets, governments, and private investors alike.
WALKINGSTICK: “π¨ Trump Cracks Down: Iraqi Dinar Revaluation Closer Than Ever!”
π₯ Walkingstick Report – July 2025 Summary
According to Walkingstick, President Trump is demanding strict compliance from Iraq regarding financial integrity and currency control.
He wants an end to the ongoing theft of U.S. dollars, which is reportedly not just the work of Iran, but also involves Iraqi politicians influenced by Iran within the Government of Iraq (GOI).
Walkingstick highlights that while he hesitated to blame Sudani directly, it’s clear the current government is allowing this theft to continue.
Despite the political interference, he says monetary reform is moving forward forcefully, and warns that it will trample over anyone, including Sudani, if necessary.
A major development is that the gap between the official exchange rate and the market rate of the Iraqi dinar (IQD) vs. the U.S. dollar is now less than 4%. This is significant because the 2025 Iraqi budget includes a requirement to maintain a rate margin within ±2%—so Iraq is now dangerously close to meeting one of the final conditions for a potential revaluation.
In short: the pressure is mounting, both politically and economically, and monetary reform appears to be on a fast track, regardless of internal resistance.
Frank26: "IMO...ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM IS FOR A NEW EXCHANGE RATE."
KTFA:
Frank26: "IMO...ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM IS FOR A NEW EXCHANGE RATE."....F26
The Central Bank issues new decisions regarding electronic payment services (document)
7/24/2025
The Central Bank of Iraq issued several decisions on Thursday regarding banks, electronic payment service providers, and cash withdrawal fees.
A letter issued by the bank and received by Shafaq News Agency stated that "withdrawal fees are deducted electronically, and citizens are not required to pay any fees directly to banking outlets."
It also stipulates that "banks and companies compete to provide their services to the public to achieve the public interest and improve service,” while the book sets minimum commissions. LINK
FIREFLY: “π¨ Trump Pressures Sudani: No More Multi-Currency in Iraq!”
Frank26
[Iraq boots-on-the-ground report]
FIREFLY:Secretary of State Rubio...is pushing Sudani. We know Trump sent him. We know what Trump is doing here in our country.
I think your Trump is happy because he sees the constant advancement.. .He also warned Sudani about a proposed bill for PMC's
Read also: Global Currency Reset Underway: IQD: $9.35 – now activated on internal banking platforms!
FRANK: That's multi-currency policy. You can't do that. You can only use your dinar. Trump is pushing it. I wonder why... FIREFLY: PMC's would institutionalize the Iranian and harm Iraqis sovereignty.
FRANK: Trump is pushing this. You know what he knows.
Monetary Policy, Monetary Stability Approach, And Digital Transformation 2023-2025
Monetary Policy, Monetary Stability Approach, And Digital Transformation 2023-2025
Economic 07/27/2025 Baghdad: Morning Among the new economic publications, the book
"Monetary Policy in Iraq, Monetary Stability Methodology, and Digital Transformation 2023-2025"
was released by financial expert Samir Al-Nusairi.
This book addresses several economic and monetary themes, reflecting the Central Bank of Iraq's orientations and its financial and banking reform policies in recent years, specifically for the period 2021-2026, with a strategic outlook extending to 2025.
Chapter One: The Central Bank and Opportunities
monetary stability
The author sheds light on the methodology of monetary policy, discussing the functions and objectives of the Central Bank of Iraq, the challenges facing monetary policy, and presenting the steps towards monetary stability and the pillars of monetary policy for the period 2021–2023.
Chapter Two: Digital Transformation and Financial Inclusion
The chapter reviews the Central Bank's efforts in digital transformation, developing electronic payments, and supporting financial inclusion, in addition to developing payment and systems government support for information technology and cybersecurity.
Chapter Three: The Central Bank's Strategy for Financial and Banking Reform 2024-2025
This chapter covers the strategic objectives of the reform, the Bank's vision for 2025, the activation of economic measures, the regulation and financing of trade, and the management of economic challenges and variables.
Chapter Four: Government Support for Achievement
banking reform
The importance of cooperation between government agencies and the Central Bank is highlighted,
with discussions on the comprehensive banking reform project, the role of the private banking sector, the International Monetary Fund, and the vision for reform in Iraq.
Chapter Five: Exchange Rates and Recovery Procedures
It addresses the causes of exchange rate fluctuations, the factors affecting stability, particularly the difference between the official and parallel rates, and the government's role in stimulating the private banking sector. https://alsabaah.iq/118049-.htm
CLARE: “π¨ U.S. Threatens Iraq with New Sanctions After Secret Meeting in Istanbul!”
Secret Meeting in Istanbul: U.S. Warns Iraq of New Sanctions
A recent unannounced meeting in Istanbul brought together the U.S. Federal Reserve and top officials from the Central Bank of Iraq.
The urgent meeting, initiated by the U.S., focused on serious issues with Iraq’s financial transfers and banking practices.
The U.S. warned that new financial sanctions are being prepared against several Iraqi banks and institutions.
The reason? Ongoing violations in international money transfer systems and non-compliance with global standards for combating money laundering and terrorist financing.
Secret Meeting In Istanbul: Washington Threatens New Financial Sanctions On Iraq
Secret Meeting In Istanbul: Washington Threatens New Financial Sanctions On Iraq
July 25, 2025 Last updated: July 25, 2025 Al-Mustaqilla/- An informed source revealed to Al-Mustaqilla that an unannounced meeting was held in Istanbul in recent days, bringing together the Assistant Chairman of the US Federal Reserve and a high-ranking delegation from the Central Bank of Iraq.
The source stated that the meeting came at the urgent invitation of the US to discuss critical developments in the file of financial transfers and Iraqi banking transactions. According to the source,
the US side informed the Iraqi delegation that new financial sanctions are under preparation, to be imposed on a number of Iraqi banks and financial institutions, due to what the US side described as "continued violations" in international transfer systems and the failure of some Iraqi entities to comply with international guidelines to combat money laundering and terrorist financing.
The source indicated that Direct warnings
the Iraqi delegation received direct warnings of the possibility of freezing additional assets and imposing restrictions on dollar accounts if urgent measures are not taken to regulate the Iraqi financial system and prevent suspicious flows through some Iraqi banks and companies.
Read also: FRANK26: "Iraqi Dinar on the Brink: Banks Quietly Preparing for 1-to-1 Rate, Says Frank26"
A new crisis is looming
These developments come amid escalating tensions between Baghdad and Washington over economic and security issues, most notably restrictions on dollar transfers and US accusations against some Iraqi entities of dealing with entities on sanctions lists.
Observers believe that the new sanctions, if implemented, will deal a severe blow to the Iraqi banking system and could lead to a further deterioration in the value of the dinar and increased pressure on the local market at a time when the Central Bank of Iraq is trying to revive investor confidence and stabilize the exchange rate.
No official comment yet
As of the time of writing this report, no official comment has been issued by the Central Bank of Iraq or the US Embassy in Baghdad regarding the content of the meeting or the content of the warnings contained therein. https://mustaqila.com/Ψ§Ψ¬ΨͺΩ
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MARKZ: "π₯ RV Incoming? Trump Abroad, Secret Meetings & CBI Moves! "
EXCERPTS FROM MARKZ
πΉ Mark shared updates on bond holders—some say they’ve completed paperwork and expect funding by Tuesday.
πΉ Several currency group leaders are reportedly traveling, which could signal movement.
πΉ Redemption/wealth contacts are off this weekend—quiet before the storm?
πΉ There's strong chatter that Monday or Tuesday could be big for the RV.
πΉ Trump is out of the country for 5 days—some believe this is necessary for key financial transitions.
πΉ Trump also proposed tax rebates funded by tariffs—possibly part of broader economic changes?
πΉ Reports of secret meetings in Istanbul and increased U.S. pressure on Iraq—could hint at value shifts.
πΉ Iraq now tracks all oil pipelines internally and progress continues on the Baghdad-Erbil oil agreement.
πΉ A new USD/IQD calculator was spotted on the CBI site—viewed as a significant sign by many.
π Sentiment: Many feel we’re at the finish line and just waiting for the final trigger.
π Reminder: Saturday nights, when banks are closed, are rumored to be prime time for revaluations.
The Dinar Is Recovering
The Dinar Is Recovering. Four Painful Blows To The Parallel Dollar Reveal The Successes Of The Iraqi Economic Program.
July 26, 2025 Baghdad / Iraq Observer
The US dollar in Iraq is witnessing significant and sustained decline against the national dinar, following a significant period of fluctuation far from the official exchange rate. This was not arbitrary, but rather the result of a comprehensive economic policy pursued by the Iraqi government as part of a reform vision it envisioned within its program. Amid escalating debate over the stability of the Iraqi market and the varying indicators associated with the dollar exchange rate, the Prime Minister's financial advisor, Mazhar Mohammed Salih, issued detailed statements revealing the reasons for the continued decline in the value of the dollar on the parallel market,
compared to a significant rise in the strength of the Iraqi dinar.
He also emphasized that this shift was not a coincidence, but rather the direct result of a series of coordinated government measures across monetary, fiscal, and trade policies implemented over the past two years.
*4 main reasons
Saleh attributed the decline in the dollar exchange rate on the parallel market,
which is now approaching the official rate, to four main reasons. Speaking to Iraq Observer, he said,
"The first factor is the strict legal ban on dollar trading in domestic transactions, particularly in the real estate market, which is one of the largest and strongest financial markets in the country.
This has reduced the scope for informal foreign currency trading." He added that the second reason relates to "the shift in monetary policy toward direct foreign exchange support via international banks that correspond with national banks for external transfer purposes,
in contrast to the discontinuation of the Central Bank's currency selling window at the beginning of this year." He noted that "this policy has limited reliance on the parallel market and the risks of unsafe and high-cost financing."
Observers describe this step as "not just a technical choice,
but rather a comprehensive strategy to connect Iraqi banks to the international financial system without the need for dubious or unclearly compliant local channels.
Thus, the map of foreign transfers was redrawn to be conducted legally and regulated, gradually reducing the influence of the parallel market and currency exchange companies, which had previously acted as intermediaries between importers and exporters and set prices as they pleased."
* Liberalization of small importers
The third reason, according to the government advisor, relates to “small importers’ access to the official foreign currency financing network without the need for intermediaries from money transfer companies.
This has enabled them to import at a fixed, official exchange rate and has contributed to reducing costs and enhancing compliance, especially since this segment represents approximately 60% of the volume of foreign trade.”
He emphasized that “this facilitation came about thanks to government measures that reduced administrative bureaucracy.” With this opening, exchange rates for these traders became fixed at the official rate (1,320 dinars to the dollar), which caused the parallel market to lose a large segment of its customers, who had been the primary fuel for the increased demand for dollars outside of official channels.
He pointed out that the * Payment cards... another reason
fourth factor is the "expansion of the culture of using foreign currency electronic payment cards among travelers over the past two years, rather than putting pressure on the cash dollar market, in addition to the availability of cash dollars to travelers at airports through national banks, subject to flexible and highly compliant regulatory controls."
In the past, travelers preferred to carry large amounts of dollars in cash, creating additional demand for hard currency in the local market, especially during travel, tourism, or study seasons.
Consequently, the switch to bank cards has contributed to market stability and reduced speculation. Saleh concluded his remarks by emphasizing that "the price defense policy adopted by the state, through the establishment of cooperatives for consumer goods and the construction basket funded at the official exchange rate of 1,320 dinars to the dollar, represents an integral part of the success of economic policy in Iraq, through the harmonization of monetary, financial, and commercial efforts within the government program."
With the continued flow of dollars into official channels, the expansion of financial oversight tools, and the promotion of a culture of electronic payments, the Iraqi dinar is now gradually approaching the rate officially set by the Central Bank of Iraq.
* Government efforts...the decisive role
For his part, economic expert Safwan Qusay says that the dinar's appreciation against the dollar comes against the backdrop of the Central Bank of Iraq's reserves rising to more than $97 billion, in addition to gold reserves exceeding 132 tons.
This boosts confidence in the Iraqi economy and provides significant support to the value of the local currency. In an interview with Iraq Observer, the economic expert emphasized the positive outlook for increasing non-oil revenues and the government's ongoing efforts to halt gas flaring and develop energy and development projects.
He noted that adjusting the public spending structure toward sustainability plays a crucial role in achieving economic and financial stability.
According to Qusay, maintaining and developing positive relations with the United States and the Gulf states could significantly boost the value of the Iraqi dinar,
especially following US President Donald Trump's speech encouraging support for US exports to Iraq.
Qusay emphasized that the exit of Syria and Lebanon from the risk zone directly contributed to supporting financial stability in Iraq, which positively impacted the dinar exchange rate. https://observeriraq.net/Ψ§ΩΨ―ΩΩΨ§Ψ±-ΩΨ³ΨͺΨΉΩΨ―-ΨΉΨ§ΩΩΨͺΩ-Ψ£Ψ±Ψ¨ΨΉ-ΨΆΨ±Ψ¨Ψ§Ψͺ-Ω
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