Monday, June 23, 2025
Iraq buys $30 billion in US Treasury bonds
Iraq buys $30 billion in US Treasury bonds
The US Treasury Department announced that the total holdings of global bonds this year reached more than $9 trillion, while Iraq remains outside the top 20 countries with the largest holdings of these bonds for the second year.
The Treasury said in its latest 2025 table that "Iraq did not increase its holdings of US bonds, which remained at around $30 billion, so it did not enter the top twenty largest holders of US bonds."
It added that "global holdings of US bonds amounted to $9 trillion and 13 billion."
It indicated that "Japan is the largest holder of US bonds, with $1.134 trillion, followed by the United Kingdom, which owns $807 billion, followed by China with $757 billion,
the Cayman Islands came in fourth with $448 billion, and Belgium with $411 billion."
In the Arab world, "Saudi Arabia and the UAE were among the top twenty countries with the largest holdings of US bonds, with their holdings amounting to $134 billion and $113 billion, respectively."
Iraq owns approximately $32 billion in US bonds, which are considered one of the country's private reserves. link
JENTEL NOTES
JENTEL NOTES
RV NEWS-
Jen: What are we waiting on now for the RV/4B to begin? AA Michael: "The public announcement."
Jen: When will they do that?
AA Michael: "Wednesday-Thursday, depending on time zones." Jen: What could stop it at this point?
AA Michael: "IMF. Leaches who want to continue to stall the process."
Jen: Will they?
-I saw handcuffs on wrists. So, they may, & be arrested, or be arrested so they can't.
Jen: Has the problem with Iran & Israel been solved?
AA Michael: "Mostly. Netanyahu needs to sign & surrender to the world court."
Jen: Why?
AA Michael: "International crimes against humanity."
Meeting between the foreign ministers of Iraq and Iran to contain the escalation
Meeting between the foreign ministers of Iraq and Iran to contain the escalation
Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein met on Sunday with his Iranian counterpart, Abbas Araqchi, to discuss developments in the regional escalation, on the sidelines of the 51st session of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Foreign Ministers.
The Iraqi Foreign Ministry said in a statement received by Shafaq News Agency that this meeting is the second between the two ministers since the beginning of the current crisis. The meeting addressed the latest security developments in the region, in light of the US military strike against key nuclear sites in Iran.
During the meeting, Iranian Minister Abbas Araqchi gave a detailed presentation on the impact of these attacks, indicating that his country is taking several steps to respond. He also indicated Iran's intention to approach the UN Security Council for an emergency session at the invitation of Russia.
For his part, Minister Fuad Hussein stressed the importance of activating the open-ended ministerial contact committee, an initiative proposed by Iraq within the framework of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, with the aim of containing the crisis and opening channels for dialogue that would contribute to reaching peaceful solutions and avoiding further escalation in the region. link
TIDBIT FROM MNT GOAT
Mnt Goat
...the U.S. Treasury has said it will give a “green light” to go ahead, however with stipulations. First if they must complete successfully the Iranian issues and trade must resume to normal between the two countries.
Then the dinar stabilize again. The Project to Delete the Zeros must be successful with maintaining low rate of inflation. This will be the gauge...rate.
So, we are getting very close but a lot rides on the Iranian issue.
Public Debt Challenges
Public Debt Challenges
Economic 06/23/2025 Yasser Al-Mutawali Public debt, in all its forms and varieties, whether external or domestic, is one of the most complex challenges facing countries, especially developing countries and even those poised for growth.
One of the most prominent policies of international capitalist institutions and banks is to drown countries in foreign debt with the aim of dominating and controlling them and containing their economies (economic colonialism) or (economic monopoly), call it what you will, including some multilateral financial institutions, by imposing on borrowing countries firm reforms that appear to improve the economic situation but in reality make their economies completely subservient to the wills and policies of the countries.
Perhaps the public (external) debt is a double-edged sword for those who do not invest it well in developing economic sectors and achieving development that leads to stability.
If the public debt is for consumer spending purposes, then this is where the ultimate disaster occurs.
This policy pursued by international institutions has created a sense of international frustration,
particularly with the use of debt as a weapon against countries and the imposition of binding
sanctions.
Therefore, you find that most countries, especially the superpowers, are at the forefront of those seeking an alternative to the dollar as a unit of measurement for trade transactions, debts, stocks, and bonds.
I was once struck by a statement made by someone, from an economic analysis perspective, that the
incurrence of domestic debt has no impact on the financial situation, which is truly surprising.
Public (domestic) debt is sometimes worse than external public debt, especially if it is used outside budget allocations or purposes, such as political purposes or for liquidity purposes to cover excessive operating expenses, etc.
This debt often relies on foreign exchange reserves, which erode them.
This poses a risk of accelerating financial crises.
Domestic public debt increases the budget deficit, which in turn impacts inflation rates, rising prices, and a lack of liquidity.
;
This highlights the eternal contradiction and overlap between monetary and fiscal policies.
While monetary policy seeks to reduce annual inflation growth rates and increase foreign exchange reserves, fiscal policy implements government policies that contribute to government spending,
which sometimes intersects with the goal of monetary stability.
This imbalance in our experience in Iraq may be due to the absence of sovereign funds that would balance these two policies and achieve their developmental and financial stability objectives.
Therefore, the monetary authority needs efficient management to achieve financial and monetary stability and thus economic stability on an ongoing basis. https://alsabaah.iq/116419-.html
EXCERPTS FROM MARKZ
EXCERPTS FROM MARKZ
MZ: I am being told this situation with Iran is speeding things up…not slowing things down.
MZ: I have a number of bond contacts who are surprisingly upbeat after this last weekend. They feel very confident this is their week.
MZ: Seems to me there needs to be a few more things settled, but for some reason many group contacts are again traveling this week. They believe that what happened in attacking Iran’s nuclear sites will spur things forward. I don’t know what to think about this.
MZ: I have 3 different contacts who say this is the best thing since sliced bread and it will be the final stage before they release the value. I’m still a bit conflicted whether to be excited or not.
The Central Bank Participates In A Workshop On Governance And Compliance In The Field Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing.
The Central Bank Participates In A Workshop On Governance And Compliance In The Field Of Money Laundering And Terrorist Financing.
June 22, 2025 The Central Bank of Iraq's Mosul branch participated in the "Governance and Compliance in the Field of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing" workshop, organized by Rashid Bank in Mosul Governorate.
The workshop emphasized the need to enhance employees' and officials' understanding of the importance of anti-corruption, money laundering, and terrorist financing measures, as well as to implement local and international best practices in this area.
The workshop sought to highlight the importance of enhancing the bank's role through financial inclusion initiatives and providing the best banking services to citizens.
Central Bank of Iraq Media Office June 22, 2025 https://cbi.iq/news/view/2914
Monday Coffee with MarkZ. 06/23/2025
Monday Coffee with MarkZ. 06/23/2025
Some highlights by PDK-Not verbatim
MarkZ Disclaimer: Please consider everything on this call as my opinion. People who take notes do not catch everything and its best to watch the video so that you get everything in context. Be sure to consult a professional for any financial decisions
Member: Happy Monday Morning
Member: Another week so lets see what it will bring us all… just like the sands of time, so go the days of our lives
Member: Almost the end of the month once again and we're still all up in the air waiting with a smile on our faces.
Member: Rumours are Big and Buzzing all around Telegram !! lol Will this Iran thing delay the RV?
MZ: I am being told this situation with Iran is speeding things up…not slowing things down.
MZ: I have a number of bond contacts who are surprisingly upbeat after this last weekend. They feel very confident this is their week.
MZ: Seems to me there needs to be a few more things settled, but for some reason many group contacts are again traveling this week. They believe that what happened in attacking Iran’s nuclear sites will spur things forward. I don’t know what to think about this.
MZ: I have 3 different contacts who say this is the best thing since sliced bread and it will be the final stage before they release the value. I’m still a bit conflicted whether to be excited or not.
Member: This war is possibly a scripted movie…..Im not even following anymore, it will play out…
Member: I believe this event will speed up the RV .. that's the goal to free us from slavery
Member: The exiled crown prince of Iran calls for regime change
Member: The markets are all in the green, so apparently the market makers aren’t too worried
MZ: Several on the bond side are expecting their final contracts/payments this week. And that the chances of it happening greatly improved since yesterday. That is what their updates have stated.
MZ: I have not heard anything on individual currencies or CMKX this weekend.
Member: I just hope you will be able to broadcast before the internet goes down Mark
MZ: I don’t expect the internet to go down. I was told it will go down in certain areas for short amounts of time during clean up operations…... but, They need it to release disclosure.
Member: The Ministry of Trade announced plans on Saturday to develop infrastructure by digitizing services to accelerate trade and reduce costs. Thoughts?
MZ: Its all part of Iraq’s White Paper reforms. It is lovely watching it all roll out. They are doing what they need to in order to increase the purchasing power of the dinar again.
Member: A Security Alert from the US Embassy was issued today here in the UAE and in the region.
Member: the bombing over the weekend reminded me of topgun maverick movie
MZ: “Washington warns of economic suicide if Iran closes the straits of Hormuz” Oil from Iraq , the UAE and Saudi Arabia goes through the straits of Hormuz on the way to Europe and China. If Iran shuts it down…it would paralyze Iraq’s oil exports.
MZ: Iran is in a very tough spot.
Member: the straight of hormuz is 21 miles wide, 20% of the world’s oil travel through it.
MZ: The oil pipeline going from Iraq through Turkey is suddenly becoming very important. “Iraq discusses exporting oil through Turkey” to keep Europe from crashing.
Member: I look at Iran and them blocking oil as a dog biting it's own tail…. if they keep that up
MZ: Iraq is stating they are not involved in this was and will not be involved in it.
Member: will the dinar be connected to crypto currencies ? Is that how they will make things work?
MZ: We know they are going digital …and the I-dinar is an asset backed digital dinar. And their cash would represent the digital currency backed by assets….so for me, yes it is loosely connected to crypto currency because it will use a blockchain ledger.
Member: DJT announced the tariffs are working.....I wonder how soon before we see the External Revenue Service created?
Member: I am starting to feel that this is all a babysitting job to keep us quiet while they do the new world order?
MZ: I know there are 2 competing resets. That of “the new world order” and the other is freedom and sound money. I know which one wins inevitably…..the question is “what does the journey look like”?
Member: And the length of that damn journey…sigh. .
Member: if you think the RV is fake... you are on the wrong page. IMO
Member: Kerry Ann Thornton says we could see the RV in the next 72 hours.
MZ:I have quite a few contacts who say that may be right….I’m just having a though time believing that right now.
Member: Hopefully-We will be celebrating this 4th of July like we’ve never celebrated before
Member: thanks Mark and Mods….everyone have a great day.
Mark reads an article about the history of banks and the Federal Reserve and the enslavement of mankind written by Steven Mitford during this podcast..…….
Economist Warns Of Recession Signs: Low Inflation Is A Warning Bell
Economist Warns Of Recession Signs: Low Inflation Is A Warning Bell
Economy 20-06-2025, 12:13 | 514 Baghdad Today – Baghdad Economic expert Munir Al-Obaidi warned on Friday (June 20, 2025) of signs of recession that could turn into a broader crisis affecting the Iraqi economy, indicating that the decline in inflation is a warning bell for the recession phase.
Al-Obaidi said in a post on his Facebook page, which was followed by Baghdad Today:
"The Iraqi Statistical Authority announced a decline in the country's monthly inflatio
n rate by 0.3% during the month of April, while the annual general inflation rate recorded 1.6%, and core inflation 0.6%."
He added, "It is noteworthy that food prices continued to rise by 3.2% annually, despite declines in the prices of bread, meat, and fish.
This is due to sharp increases in the prices of fruits and vegetables, which rose by 13.7% and 8.4%, respectively." He pointed out that, "In contrast, tobacco prices declined by a significant 26%, while
clothing and footwear prices saw a slight annual increase of 2%.
Household appliances recorded a 1% decline, while furniture and office equipment prices rose by 0.5%." He pointed out that "in terms of geographical distribution, the annual inflation rates, by region, were 1.1% in Kurdistan, 1.4% in the central governorates, and 3.1% in the southern governorates."
Al-Obaidi explained that “the decline in prices, despite its positive impact on citizens, especially in sectors such as electrical appliances and furniture, may reflect a state of stagnation in the market,
as a result of weak consumer confidence, lack of liquidity, and a decline in financing provided to the private sector, especially with the weakness of insurance services provided by financial institutions.”
He indicated that “although the decline in inflation may appear to be a positive indicator, it may also be an alarm bell for a phase of recession, threatening to reduce job opportunities in the private sector and
weaken the ability of local products to compete due to rising costs, which may lead to further pressure on the government sector in light of the high unemployment rates.”
He continued, "What is required today is to closely monitor economic indicators and take serious steps to stimulate economic activity and support the private sector, so that signs of recession do not turn into a broader crisis that affects the entire Iraqi economy." https://baghdadtoday.news/276915-.html
DINAR EXCHANGE 🚨 Trump’s 2‑Week Iran Deadline = RV Countdown? 🕰️💣
DINAR EXCHANGE
Trump’s 2‑Week Iran Deadline = RV Countdown? 
As Trump weighs a strike or diplomatic breakthrough with Iran, regional instability could pressure Iraq’s CBI to pivot on the IQD peg
Middle East on edge = currency shift opportunity? 
Baghdad in UNSC: Iran strike risks regional war
Shafaq News/ On Sunday, Iraq’s representative to the United Nations Security Council expressed Baghdad’s “deep concern” over the rapidly escalating military developments.
In remarks delivered during an emergency session of the Security Council, Ambassador Abbas Kazem Ubaid Al-Fatlawi noted Iraq’s condemnation of the recent attack targeting nuclear facilities, cautioning such operations risk expanding the conflict and could draw in additional regional and international actors.
Al-Fatlawi stressed that targeting nuclear sites “sets a dangerous precedent that violates the principles of the nuclear non-proliferation regime.” He called on the international community to take immediate steps to revive dialogue channels, warning that such attacks could lead to “catastrophic radioactive leaks that threaten both people and the environment, with cross-border consequences.”
He added that the region has experienced repeated waves of instability over recent decades, but now faces the danger of a full-scale regional war—marked by economic fallout that threatens global supply chains and international maritime routes.
The ambassador also emphasized that Iraq is “directly affected by these developments and has already documented repeated violations by parties to the conflict.”
The UN Security Council convened an emergency session on June 23 in New York to address the United States’ airstrikes on Iran’s nuclear facilities. The meeting explored a draft resolution—sponsored by Russia, China, and Pakistan—calling for an immediate, unconditional ceasefire in the Middle East.
TIDBIT FROM MARKZ
MarkZ
[via PDK]
...Here is one we need to watch because of the timing. We are seeing some correlation between stablecoin and the digital dinar. With a potential rate of up to $3.22. But I still think it will be higher.
Article: “Sudani declares 2025 as the year of Iraqi industry” He says this is the year they are going to become independent on energy, food etc….
Prime Minister's Advisor: The country's financial situation is secure
Prime Minister's Advisor: The country's financial situation is secure
The Prime Minister's Financial Advisor, Dr. Mazhar Mohammed Salih, stated that Iraq's financial situation remains within safe limits, despite regional tensions resulting from the Israeli aggression against Iran. He noted that the country possesses clear financial tools and hedges in the three-year general budget law that enable it to absorb potential shocks.
Saleh said, in an interview with Al-Sabah, followed by Al-Eqtisad News, that “the general budget for the three years (2023-2025) was prepared according to a medium-term financial policy, which includes hedging within the upper spending ceilings, as it was set between an upper limit of 200 trillion dinars, and a lower limit of more than 155 trillion dinars, which ensures meeting the state’s operational and investment obligations.”
He explained that "this hedge is based on the movement of the oil asset cycle, and a hypothetical deficit of 64 trillion dinars has been adopted, which is supposed to be financed in the event of a price decline, which constitutes a strong precaution against any sharp fluctuations in the global oil market."
He explained that "the last two months have indeed witnessed signs of a price contraction in the oil market, but the geopolitical tensions resulting from the war between Iran and the Zionist entity caused a positive price shock, raising oil prices by about $10 per barrel, which improved the country's revenues, although this is fraught with risks related to the security of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, through which 99% of Iraq's oil exports pass."
The advisor added, "The Iraqi economy is currently supported by a foreign exchange reserve, which is a fundamental pillar of stability, covering 15 months of trade, in addition to the availability of commodity stocks, some of which extend for more than three years, and food security indicators are very reassuring."
Saleh concluded his remarks by emphasizing that "Iraq's fiscal policy is built on a foundation of caution and forward-looking planning to ensure it can address any potential external repercussions, including those that may result from regional conflicts or oil market turmoil." link
FIREFLY: TV talking about we are preparing for our 4th meeting to join the WTO
Frank26
[Iraq boots-on-the-ground report]
FIREFLY: TV talking about we are preparing for our 4th meeting to join the WTO...
FRANK: I believe this is the last meeting with the WTO before ascension mainly because everything is in place and so is the WTO. Shoot, they've been putting it in place for 3 meetings
Following threats from Iraqi factions, the Pentagon told Shafaq News: We are strengthening our capabilities while maintaining a "defensive posture."
The US Department of Defense confirmed, in an official response to Shafaq News Agency inquiries, that it has sent additional military capabilities to the Middle East. This comes at a time of escalating tensions over the ongoing conflict between Israel and Iran, and amid public threats from Iraqi armed groups loyal to Tehran to target US interests if Washington intervenes on Tel Aviv's behalf.
A Pentagon spokesperson told Shafaq News Agency that the official position issued by US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth is to enhance the capabilities of the US Central Command (USCENTCOM), without revealing the nature of those capabilities or their locations.
In a separate post, Department of Defense spokesman Sean Parnell explained that "US forces remain in a defensive posture," indicating that Washington is not seeking direct military escalation at this time.
The ministry declined to disclose whether it had engaged directly with the Iraqi government to contain threats posed by armed factions, or the nature of the expected response if US facilities or forces were attacked inside Iraq, referring only to the public statements of senior Pentagon officials.
Prominent Iraqi factions, such as Kata'ib Hezbollah and Harakat al-Nujaba, have escalated their warning tone, declaring their readiness to target US sites in Iraq and Syria if the United States intervenes militarily against Iran in the ongoing escalation.
The approximately 2,500 US troops deployed in Iraq are deployed as part of a training and support mission for Iraqi forces and the international coalition against ISIS. However, these forces have been the frequent target of missile and drone attacks since 2020, with attacks escalating following the assassination of Iranian General Qassem Soleimani and the deputy head of the Popular Mobilization Forces, Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis.
The latest US position comes at a time when the region is witnessing an unprecedented escalation on the ground, with Israel and Iran exchanging military strikes amid fears that the conflict could expand to new arenas, most notably Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon. link
BROTHER TECHNOLOGY 🍿 The Rate is about to be Dropped🍿
BROTHER TECHNOLOGY
🍿 The Rate is about to be Dropped🍿
The timing of the Iranian influence in Iraq has left Bagdad.. All indicators showing the rate is finally is about to Pop on the Forex.. 🍿🍿🍿
Keep your EYES PEELED 🐸🐸🐸🐸🐸🐸
IRAQI FINANCE FIGURES SHOW A “SOFT RENTIER” ECONOMY. ARE THERE ALTERNATIVES?
IRAQI FINANCE FIGURES SHOW A “SOFT RENTIER” ECONOMY. ARE THERE ALTERNATIVES?
An Iraqi economist warned on Wednesday against the country’s continued reliance on a rentier economy, noting that it “creates a consumer society” and weakens the national production base. Mohammed al-Hasani told Shafaq News Agency, “A rentier economy is usually weak and produces a consumer society dominated by the import sector, with little interest in manufacturing industries. This is what applies to Iraq.”
Al-Hasani called on the Iraqi government to “work and strive to develop Iraq’s industrial production sectors and diverse agriculture in order to stimulate the country’s foreign trade sector and achieve the highest possible financial revenues that contribute to achieving the highest returns for the national income and the Iraqi state treasury.”
The Iraqi Ministry of Finance revealed that federal budget revenues from January to March 2025 exceeded 27 trillion dinars, with oil accounting for 91% of total revenues.
Tables issued by the Ministry of Finance in June for the first quarter of the year, monitored by Shafaq News Agency, showed that oil remains the primary source of revenue for the general budget, reinforcing the rentier nature of the Iraqi economy.
According to the ministry’s data, total revenues amounted to 27 trillion, 248 billion, 764 million, 196 thousand, and 554 dinars, while total expenditures amounted to 26 trillion, 662 billion, 428 million, 661 thousand, and 44 dinars.
Oil revenues alone amounted to 24 trillion, 911 billion, 906 million, and 926 thousand dinars, equivalent to 91% of total revenues, while non-oil revenues amounted to 2 trillion, 336 billion, 857 million, and 269 thousand dinars.
In March 2021, the Prime Minister’s advisor for financial affairs, Mazhar Mohammed Salih, explained to Shafaq News Agency that the reasons behind the Iraqi economy remaining rentier are due to the wars and economic blockades of the past decades, in addition to the current political conflicts that have squandered economic resources.
Saleh added that the country’s continued reliance on oil as its sole source of revenue makes Iraq vulnerable to global crises that impact oil prices, forcing the country to repeatedly resort to borrowing to cover its deficit. This reflects weak financial management and an inability to develop effective financing alternatives.
IRON ORE EXTRACTION, SULFUR AND DRY GAS INVESTMENT…THE GOVERNMENT IS DISCUSSING TWO REQUESTS AND A CHINESE OFFER
IRON ORE EXTRACTION, SULFUR AND DRY GAS INVESTMENT…THE GOVERNMENT IS DISCUSSING TWO REQUESTS AND A CHINESE OFFER.
On Monday, June 16, 2025, the Iraqi Industrial Coordination Council discussed the industrial situation in Iraq and its needs during a meeting chaired by Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani. The meeting was attended by representatives of several foreign companies. The meeting discussed an offer submitted by the Chinese company “Tsing Shan” to extract “iron dust.”
A statement from Al-Sudani’s office, a copy of which was received by Al-Jabal, stated that “Al-Sudani chaired a meeting of the Industrial Coordination Council on Monday, during which the industrial situation in Iraq, its most prominent needs, and the files on the agenda were discussed and reviewed. The meeting was attended by a number of ministers, advisors, businessmen, and representatives of local and foreign companies working in partnership with the private sector.”
The statement added, “The Prime Minister stressed the need to continue working to provide the legal and legislative foundations for expanding the base of various industries in Iraq, in a way that serves the escalation of the private industrial sector’s activity, as a partner in development, and the provision of job opportunities and goods to the Iraqi market.”
The statement continued, “The Council considered the topics on the agenda and took the necessary decisions and directives. The request of the Chinese company (Tsing Shan) was discussed, and its desire to work in the field of dry gas in the Basra Industrial City project, and the sulfur investment project in the Lazka/2 field, and its offer to extract iron dust. Directions were given to coordinate with the Ministry of Oil in this regard.”
The Council discussed, according to the statement, the issue of determining rental allowances for industrial projects established on agricultural lands, and forming a committee in this regard. It approved referring the issue to the Ministerial Council for the Economy. It also considered the possibility of amending Cabinet Resolution (24413 of 2024) regarding granting initial approvals for the establishment of facilities for industrial projects and equipping these projects with petroleum products from distribution outlets according to entitlement .
The statement noted that “the Council reviewed the relevant ministries’ completion of the digital transformation and the single window at the Industrial Development Directorate. It also approved the referral of the file on reducing the prices of liquefied natural gas supplied to industrial projects to the Ministerial Council for the Economy, and obligating government agencies providing services to create electronic links for industrial companies operating unnumbered sites to facilitate companies’ submission to the link.”
The statement concluded, “The Council discussed the Ministry of Education’s referral to print school textbooks, and the balance between the private and public sectors, in accordance with Cabinet Resolution No. 24402. The meeting also considered exempting industrial investment projects located outside the basic design of cities from the announcement requirement in Cabinet Resolution No. 245 of 2019.”
TIDBIT FROM SANDY INGRAM
Sandy Ingram
Why is the IQD not globally traded? First it's because of capital controls.
Iraq restricts the flow of its currency across borders.
Second, there's a lack of market confidence due to war, sanctions and corruption.
The IQD isn't trusted as a stable investment by international markets. Third we have sanctions and compliance issues.
Concerns over dollar leaks to sanctioned nations like Iran make most global banks wary of dealing in IQD. Finally, there's no offshore clearing or liquidity. There's no active IQD trading infrastructure abroad...
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MAJEED: 💥 From Zeros to Value: How Iraq’s Currency Reform Could Transform the IQD 💥
💥 💥 From Zeros to Value: How Iraq’s Currency Reform Could Transform the IQD 💥 ⭐ Introduction The term “Zero Game” is buzzing among Ir...
