Sunday, June 23, 2024

Iraqi Dinar | Iraq's Silent Revolution | The Real Story You're Not Hearing

Government Advisor: The Budget Imposed Discipline In Expenditures And Diversification Of Revenues, 24 JUNE

 Government Advisor: The Budget Imposed Discipline In Expenditures And Diversification Of Revenues

Economical  06/23/2024   The financial advisor to the Prime Minister, Dr. Mazhar Muhammad Saleh, said that the budget for the current year 2024 has a number of advantages that will increase rates of sustainable development, raise the pace of projects, and diversify sources of funding, indicating that oil price estimates in the budget are still higher than the specified price of $70 per barrel, by A change of more than 16 percent, while he indicated that the budget has high discipline in maximizing non-oil revenues, especially tax and customs revenues, specifically after adopting automation, modern methods, and information technology in estimation, estimation, and collection.

Earlier, Chancellor Saleh played down the risks of an increase in the budget deficit, stressing that the increase in oil prices above the number specified in the “tripartite” budget means that “automatic financing of the deficit has become a reality.” Last month, the Ministry of Oil announced that the Basra Gas Company had exported its first A shipment of “semi-refrigerated” propane gas, amounting to more than 10,700 tons, indicating that it is “one of the large shipments that are marketed and loaded on the back of specialized tankers.”

While specialists believe that this step is very important and would maximize the country’s financial revenues, in addition to its necessity in meeting internal needs. Saleh confirmed during his speech to “Al-Sabah” that the budget enjoys high discipline in maximizing non-oil revenues, especially tax and customs revenues, specifically after adopting automation, modern methods and information technology in estimation, estimation and collection, in addition to its orientation towards imposing discipline on operational expenditures and keeping spending on them at minimum levels. Accepted.

Saleh also explained that “the tripartite budget was truly keen to raise the efficiency of investment spending and the operation of all approved projects, in order to ensure a high growth rate in the domestic product at a rate exceeding twice the population growth rate through the movement of new projects without delay or stop,” noting that “according to Given these data, we notice that the pattern of public spending, according to the schedules announced, is characterized by accuracy, objectivity, and self-savings, which contributes to reducing the resort to financing the actual deficit, even when there is a need for internal borrowing, and within limits that ultimately do not exceed the accepted international standard percentage for financing the deficit, which amounts to 3 percent of the total. The country's gross domestic product or slightly exceed it.

The financial advisor also explained that “the efficiency of annual spending in the operational and investment aspects is an important issue in determining the total annual public spending according to what is planned,” pointing out that the operating budget constitutes the greatest challenge in the financial policy lifestyle because it constitutes more than 70 percent of the total spending and is spent 75 percent of it is for salaries, wages, pensions, and social care.

Therefore, the transfer space in it is very limited, in our belief, or remains in a very narrow range. Developments in this aspect require that they be matched by high growth in non-oil revenues to confront the constraint on operating spending, and this is what it seeks.

The federal general budget is one of the measures to introduce digital technology and electronic collection within the governance principles stated in the government program, explaining at the same time that the distribution of investment allocations in the tripartite general budget is undoubtedly subject to the standards and indicators of national economic development plans and in accordance with a harmonious vision of investment spending priorities in the country.

Determining governorate projects, which are precise allocations that have the approval of both the Council of Ministers and the legislative authority, as the financial schedules for the year 2024 were recently approved, especially on the side of public expenditures and their operational and investment parts, whose development impacts have expanded in a homogeneous manner throughout the political geography of Iraq.

Saleh believes that if the annual investment allocations for the year 2024 are proportional to the extent of the ability to implement, in light of the indicator of the disruption of the percentage of financial resources previously allocated to projects that were not implemented according to the time course specified for them, then financing governorate projects has become a matter that is consistent with the ability to implement, which is represented in... Time itself is an indicator of investment in the time dimension, which means that financing development projects must, in all circumstances, be proportional to the ability to implement on the ground and in practice.

Here lies the spirit of competition in the priority of one governorate in optimal investment and on time without delay, that is, proceeding with the completed work in an optimal manner. It is necessary to complete the allocations and provide them according to the real investment rule within the specified time.    https://alsabaah.iq/98384-.html

Launch of new IBBC Advisory Council Report with Professor Frank Gunter BY CLARE & MILITIAMAN, 24 JUNE

Clare 

 Video "IBBC Webinar: Drivers of the Iraqi Dinar Exchange RateDescription "On a webinar organized by the Iraq Britain Business Council (IBBC)...Professor Frank Gunter of Lehigh University and Dr Ahmed Tabaqchali of AFC Iraq Fund (and Expert Blogger on Iraq Business News) discussed the drivers of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate." [Dinar Guru Note:  In the video you'll see a debate of the pros and cons of the Iraqi dinar's potential.  Many things the gurus have reported are confirmed in this video...some are challenged.]

Militia Man 

 Article:  "IBBC Conference: Much to Celebrate in Iraq as Energy takes Centre Stage"   This conference seems to be shedding a positive light on Iraq. There is good reason to in doing so. Iraq is about to break out in a very big way.. No stopping her at this stage now.. Way too many legal obligations on the table. There will be far more to come 

🔥 Iraqi Dinar 🔥 3 Zeros Lifted 🔥Today News Guru Intel Value Update Excha...

The World Bank expects economic growth in Iraq to reach more than 5% in 2026, 24 JUNE

 The World Bank expects economic growth in Iraq to reach more than 5% in 2026

Money  and business   Economy News _ Baghdad  The World Bank expects that Iraq will achieve economic growth of more than 5% in the year 2026, indicating that the recovery in the oil sector in 2025 will work to enhance growth in Iraq.

The bank said in a report seen by Al-Iqtisad News, “Iraq’s economic growth for the year 2022 reached 7.6%, and in 2023 it decreased to - 2.9%.”

He expected Iraq's economic growth to decline in 2024 to reach 0.3%, to achieve growth in 2025 of up to 3.8%, and to achieve growth in 2026 of up to 5.3%.

The bank's report indicated that oil-exporting countries outside the Gulf Cooperation Council will help the expected recovery in the oil sector in 2025 boost growth in Iraq and Algeria.Views 62 06/23/2024 - https://economy-news.net/content.php?id=44528

"RV UPDATE" BY NADER FROM MID EAST, 24 JUNE

 Nader From The Mid East 

 Things have been moving a little bit from here to the 8th of July.  I hope we have an answer cuz that's what they shooting for.  I don't know if it's going to be good or bad...It's more good than bad but I don't want to say anything about that cuz if anything happen you're going to say, 'Hey, but you said this.  You said that.'

SUMMARY OF RV UPDATES OF NADER FROM MID EAST, 21 JUNE

I know they working on the exchange rate from here to the 8th of July.  We will have some  good news I hope.  

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Article:   "Iraq Bulks Up Gold Reserves, Inch Up World  Rankings"  Quote:  "Their holdings have grown to 145.7 tons, a bump of over 3 tons compared to 142.6 tons the previous month.  This increase...is enough to nudge Iraq one spot higher in the WGC's global ranking, landing them 31st place out of 100 countries."

Last week...I said Iraq government start a new white paper, it's all about the currency.  From here to the 8th of July we should have an answer.  What they going to do - Are they going to change the exchange rate or not?   That's what I said exactly.  They're working on it.  I know they created a white paper on that.   The CBI... government of Iraq, the reserve and the IMF are all working on the same page on those white papers.  I don't know if it's going to change or not...

--

The UN agreement, 2003 when they invaded the country, now they said the last day is next year 2025.  They been talking about the end of the war and this is one of them.  That is very good news. 

 We talk about sovereignty, that's one of them.  It's good for Iraq.  It's going to make Iraq stronger and happier...Sudani what he's talking about the coalition gonna leave in 2025...it's official.

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'Nader you said it was going to happen in June.'  No I didn't say in June happen. 

 I said June they're a possibility for them to work on the dinar because each time they worked on him it's between June and August...They created a new white paper.  They're going to start working on the exchange rate and I think from here to the 8th of July.  We'll see what's going to happen.

Iraq wanted to de-dollarize.  They start de-dollarizing in January but it didn't work for them too much. 

 The government didn't expect that to happen even by telling them that the dinar are stronger...use the dinar instead of the dollar for the benefits of the country.  They tried everything.  Now, they said that plan didn't work so they come out to the new white paper...They realized they cannot do nothing without changing the exchange rate.

They're going to have to go down in the exchange rate for the de-dollarization...They're going to have to change their exchange rate...Between now and 8th of July we should have an answer...

 what they going to do?  Are they going to change the exchange rate...keep it the same...go up...go down

 I think they're going to have to go down on the exchange rate a lot for them to take off the dollar from the street.

https://dinarevaluation.blogspot.com/2024/06/rv-update-by-nader-from-mid-east-1-june.html

Weekend Bankers on Standby🚩CBI Source: Currency Swap in June🤔Dinar RV Up...

After The Decline In Inflation Rates... Economic Calls To Improve Financial Policy Management In Iraq, 23 JUNE

 After The Decline In Inflation Rates... Economic Calls To Improve Financial Policy Management In Iraq

Money  and business   Economy News – Baghdad  Today, Sunday, financial specialists called for the need to improve financial policy management in Iraq after it witnessed a decline in inflation.

Financial expert Abdullah Al-Bandar said, “The International Monetary Fund was optimistic about Iraq due to recording a clear decline in inflation during the first quarter of this year compared to the last quarter of 2023,” indicating that “economic policies in Iraq are going well and that the government is taking into account Fund directives regarding this.

He added, "The IMF's assistance to Iraq is usually conditional on the extent of Iraq's commitment to its directives and advice. Therefore, the government and relevant parties must move towards improving the management of financial policy in Iraq and making it consistent with monetary policy, since our monetary policy is dependent on oil revenues."

Al-Bandar called for "the need to focus on developing non-oil economic sectors because they are very few compared to oil revenues, such as developing border crossings and developing the customs law, as well as the private sector's contribution to the domestic product, and reconsidering the customs tariff because Iraq is an importing country."

For his part, financial expert Manar Al-Obaidi explained in a post on his Facebook account, “One of the most important economic standards that countries always take into account in determining their data, because of its important role in formulating the country’s economic policy, is the monthly and annual inflation rates, which plays a role.”

It is important in the overall daily life of the citizen and in the various economic sectors,” noting that “according to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the annual inflation rates in Iraq decreased from 4.5% at the end of 2023 to reach 1.6% in March 2024.”

Al-Obaidi added, “Countries seek to reduce inflation rates according to their economic policies, as some countries try to target fixed inflation rates that do not increase or decrease, while others are looking for high inflation rates, especially producing countries, and they differ according to the economic policy of each country,”

pointing out that In Iraq, “there is no clear target for inflation rates except for one phrase mentioned in the strategic development plan that talked about keeping the inflation level below the 10% level.”

Al-Obaidi explained that "the decline was not the result of a significant increase in prices, but rather is due to three basic factors that contributed to the inflation rates reaching these rates, which are considered among the lowest levels of inflation in the world and the Middle East."

He stated that "the first level is a change in the weights of goods, as the process of determining inflation depends on determining a weight that represents the relative importance of each commodity, meaning that the importance of bread to the citizen is not the same as the importance of clothing, for example. Therefore, the weights vary according to the importance of the commodity.

At the beginning of 2024, the Central Bureau of Statistics changed the weights." For each commodity, the relative weight of some commodities was increased, such as food, beverages, tobacco, education, and health, in exchange for reducing some of the relative weights of other goods and services, such as housing and transportation, which includes fuel, for which the price of improved fuel was raised in 2024, in addition to household equipment.

This change played an important role in Reducing the inflation rate because some of the goods whose weights were increased did not increase much compared to those whose weights were reduced.

He continued, "With regard to the second level, it is changing the year of measurement, as the year of measurement in which a standard price was set for each commodity or product was the year 2012. The year of measurement was changed to the year 2022, and the increase or decrease in the prices of goods and services became dependent on the standard prices in 2022, not 2012, and this is The change greatly affects inflation rates in a way that reduces inflation rates,”

 pointing out that “the third level is represented by the decline in the prices of some foodstuffs, such as bread, dairy, fruits, and drinks, which now represent approximately 31% of the total inflation account, and thus their decline or rise plays a fundamental role in Determining inflation levels. Therefore, general inflation decreased to 1.6%, while core inflation reached 2.7%.

 Al-Obaidi wondered, “Why specifically were major changes made, whether at the level of weights or at the level of the base year, in 2024, during a critical period when there are radical changes in monetary policy and financial policy?” And why was the year 2022 adopted as a measurement year?

 Is it really suitable to be a measurement year, especially since it is A year that comes after the Corona crisis, in which the world witnessed global inflation of various commodities, and it was not a year of global stability?

He concluded his speech by saying, “What we aspire to is for the data issued by various official bodies to be highly reliable and in line with the reality of the situation in order to formulate economic policies based on analyzing the gap between what is currently on the ground and the target value. No one can imagine.” The reaction of any citizen when you inform him that prices rose only 1% compared to the previous year.”    Views 68   Added 06/23/2024 - https://economy-news.net/content.php?id=44523

FRANK26…..6-23-24….KTFA FAITH CHURCH & IQD

Finance begins distributing estimates of current expenditures, revenues, and investment projects for 2024, 23 JUNE

 Finance begins distributing estimates of current expenditures, revenues, and investment projects for 2024

Today, Saturday, the Ministry of Finance announced the start of distributing estimates of the state’s current expenditures, revenues, and investment projects for the year 2024.

A Finance statement received by Al-Rabaa stated, “The Budget Department calls on all ministries, governorates, and entities not affiliated with a ministry to send their authorized representatives tomorrow, Sunday, for the purpose of receiving estimates of current expenditures, revenues, and investment projects for the current year, approved by the House of Representatives, according to what was stated in Parliamentary Resolution No. (64). ) for the year 2024 and was held at its session numbered (27) on June 3 of the current year.  link

a different version

 The Ministry of Finance announced today, Saturday, the start of distributing estimates of current expenditures, revenues and investment projects for the year 2024.

The Ministry stated, in a statement, a copy of which was received by Al-Mustaqila, that “the state has begun distributing estimates of current expenditures, revenues, and investment projects for the year 2024 to the state.

She added, “The Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance calls on all ministries, governorates, and entities not affiliated with a ministry, to send their representatives tomorrow, Sunday, June 23, 2024, to receive estimates of current expenditures, revenues, and investment projects for the current year, which were approved by the House of Representatives in accordance with Parliamentary Resolution No. (64) of 2024, adopted at its session numbered (27) on June 3 of the current year.”

This step comes as part of the government's efforts to improve financial planning and ensure a fair distribution of resources in a way that enhances the quality of public services and contributes to achieving sustainable development in all regions of Iraq .


NADER FROM MID EAST: Iraq's Central Bank Releases New Reform Strategy

Baghdad to Host Iraq’s Largest Tech Event, 23 JUNE

  Baghdad to Host Iraq’s Largest Tech Event

Baghdad will host the Digital Transformation Initiative (DTI) Youth Forum on July 22, Iraq's largest tech event, sponsored by the Iraqi Prime Minister’s Office. 

This landmark two-day event will bring together over 8,000 attendees, including youth, entrepreneurs, and companies, to explore technological trends and digital solutions.

The forum aims to raise awareness about technology among Iraqi youth and will feature 20 local and international experts. Notable speakers include Safa Salwan, VP of Investments at JPMorgan; Mustafa Nooraldin, CEO of Acksession; and cybersecurity expert Saif Alshoker. Topics will cover the Internet of Things, start-ups, cybersecurity, digitalizing the government sector, the digital economy, renewable energy, and more.

In addition to the conference, the event will include a Youth Initiatives Exhibition showcasing local projects, a Companies Exhibition promoting IT services and products by young innovators, and the launch of reports and data on Iraq's technology sector. 

The DTI Youth Forum seeks to unite the efforts of youth, the private sector, and digital companies to drive digital transformation in Iraq, connecting Iraqi youth with the latest advancements in technology and innovation.  link

New BRICS Gold Token: Not a Cryptocurrency, Stablecoin, or CBDC BY AWAKE IN 3D, 23 JUNE

New BRICS Gold Token: Not a Cryptocurrency, Stablecoin, or CBDC

Learn why the BRICS UNIT token currency is unlike anything you’ve heard about before.


In This Article
  • What is the BRICS UNIT Token?
  • Is the BRICS UNIT a Cryptocurrency?
  • Is the BRICS UNIT a Stablecoin?
  • Is the BRICS UNIT a CBDC?
  • What are Blockchain Nodes in the new BRICS UNIT Financial System?
  • What is the BRICS UNIT’s Role?

I get it. The revolutionary and groundbreaking makeup of the new BRICS+ gold-backed currency token (the UNIT) and its financial ecosystem is confusing.

This article explains what the UNIT token is, and how it differs from cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs).


What is the BRICS UNIT Token?

The UNIT token is a unique digital asset that is the definition of “real money”.

Combining both a stable store of value without the depreciation of fiat currencies like the US Dollar but also be fungible medium of exchange like a currency.


Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies or stablecoins, the value of the UNIT token is based on a basket of underlying assets, based on a 40% gold component and 60% local currencies component.

This combination gives the UNIT token a stable intrinsic value while being flexible and fungible for everyday transactions.


Is the BRICS UNIT a Cryptocurrency?

Cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, derive their value from supply and demand without being backed by physical assets.

The UNIT token, however, derives its value from a mix of gold and local currencies. This basket of assets ensures that the value of the UNIT token is more stable than that of typical cryptocurrencies, making it highly reliable for everyday use.


Is the BRICS UNIT a Stablecoin?

Stablecoins are designed to maintain a fixed value by being pegged to a fiat currency, like the US dollar.

The UNIT token, while also backed by assets, does not have a fixed value. Its value fluctuates based on the total value of its underlying assets and market demand.

This means the UNIT token is not a stablecoin, as it lacks the reverse conversion mechanism that stabilizes a stablecoins’ value.


Is the BRICS UNIT a CBDC?

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are digital versions of a country’s fiat currency, issued and regulated by the central bank.

The UNIT token, however, operates on a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) structure, which means it is governed by a community of users (node operators) rather than a central authority.


This decentralized nature differentiates the UNIT token from CBDCs, ensuring it remains an apolitical and globally accessible digital currency.


What are Blockchain Nodes in the new BRICS UNIT Financial System?

In the UNIT ecosystem, individual countries that join the currency and financial network operate their own independent blockchain nodes.

These nodes ensure the decentralized and distributed nature of the UNIT token, enhancing security and reliability. Each participating country maintains control over its node, contributing to the overall resilience and integrity of the UNIT network.

This structure allows for a collaborative yet autonomous participation in the global UNIT financial ecosystem.


What is the BRICS UNIT’s Role?

The UNIT token will function as money, offering a stable medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value. These are the four primary pillars of an ideal economic and financial system offering equality, fairness and prosperity for all participants.


Also Read: New  BRICS+ Currency Is the Key to Global Financial Prosperity

Unlike stablecoins, which are often used as a bridge in transactions, the UNIT token is a final stage currency. It will complement local currencies rather than replace them, providing a more stable and reliable alternative for trade and investment.


The Bottom Line

The UNIT token is a decentralized, asset-backed digital currency offering the benefits of both traditional money and digital assets.

Its unique structure and intrinsic value make it a promising tool for modern financial transactions, standing apart from cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and CBDCs.

Its operation within a DAO framework and the use of independent blockchain nodes by participating countries ensure it remains decentralized and robust, making it a viable and innovative financial instrument.


Supporting article: https://brics-plus-analytics.org/how-does-the-brics-currency-transform-the-world-economy/

NADER FROM MID EAST: Iraq's Economic Outlook: Stagnation to Rebound

LATEST NEWS FROM NADER FROM MID EAST: Iraq's Central Bank in the process of Recovering Funds Taken Due to Corr...

💢 Latest from Nader 6.21.24


Super News! 😁 Billions in stolen funds have been recovered. 💥 Clear sign of transparency and Iraq's strong focus to rein in all corruption. This is extremely positive as it was one criteria which I felt was holding them up. I'm happy about this! 😁⬇️

~ Ginger of the Liberty Lounge 

The World Bank predicts Iraq's economic future in 2026, 23 JUNE

The World Bank predicts Iraq's economic future in 2026

The World Bank expected, today, Sunday, that Iraq will achieve economic growth of more than 5% in the year 2026.

The bank stated in a report followed by Mawazine News, that “Iraq’s economic growth for the year 2022 reached 7.6%, and in 2023 it decreased.” To reach - 2.9%.

He expected Iraq's economic growth to decline in 2024 to reach 0.3%, to achieve growth in 2025 of up to 3.8%, and to achieve growth in 2026 of up to 5.3%.

The bank's report indicated that "oil exporting countries from outside the Gulf Cooperation Council will help the expected recovery in the oil sector in 2025 boost growth in Iraq and Algeria." link


Weekend News with MarkZ. 06/22/2024

Weekend News with MarkZ

Some highlights by PDK-Not verbatim

MarkZ Disclaimer: Please consider everything on this call as my opinion. People who take notes do not catch everything and its best to watch the video so that you get everything in context.  Be sure to consult a professional for any financial decisions

MZ: We spend the first part of the show with thecbdgurus having fun, then dive into some news at 10:30 am around the 45-minute mark.

Member: Good Morning – hope everyone has a great weekend.

Member: Remember that old Bloomberg video that said -“Theres a certain point….At midnight on some Saturday  night European Central time….they are going to announce it…heres the menu of the new exchange rates and have a nice Monday., Could this be the Saturday Night we have been waiting for???,

MZ:  Everything remains positive.  But there was a painful lack of news overnight.

Member: Any banking contact update?

MZ: No I do not have an update from them on what to expect on the 23rd. I am kinda surprised because they have been in meetings. I tried to reach out but hitting a brick wall.

MZ: Maybe the bankers signed NDAs about the events to happen on the 23rd?

MZ: A bank story: A little state bank in Texas …A member asked a teller if there was a new bank system….and was told “could be”  and then when asked if they exchanged foreign currency…they said “yes, we will be”  this is interesting from a smaller state bank. Seems more and more banks are reporting massive changes.

Member: TNT Tony says 99 % rv this weekend

MZ: I hope he is correct.

Member: Is the 1% of money paid to the Bondholders fiat or gold backed money?

MZ: Any thing they have now, presently  is in fiat.
Member: Imagine 10 days of darkness with no AC in this heat!!!

Member: Supposedly just the social media sites will go dark…not electricity

MZ: …there is no part of me that thinks they shut down electricity in the 10 days of darkness. Not worried about that at all.

Member: Hopefully Sudani gets things done shortly

Member: I am amazed what Sudani has done in 18 months

Member: Militia Man & crew had a good one yesterday. It’s coming

MZ: It is totally coming

Member: Mark, how much lead time do you think that you will get over the general announcement?

Member: Mark how do you stay positive about the RV with all the cry wolf for 20+ years? I just don’t see it happening anymore. lost hope

MZ: Just because it hasn’t happened yet, doesn’t mean it’s not happening. You can always put your currency on the shelf and be surprised when it does happen. If you study history- you will see that when fiat crashes …we can get close on timing…..but do not know the exact timing. All we can follow is the fundamentals. It will happen though.

MZ: This cycle has happened many times in our past. It happened with Rome…when it fell. They were clipping coins, they went to fiat using written letters….Same thing happened with England when they were the dominate currency. It happened in Spain. We have seen this happen before and with every one of them, debt forgiveness goes with it. We are watching history play out.

MZ: “Monetary Metals offers a silver bond for the first time in over 150 years”  I find this one interesting. Central banks stopped accumulating silver in the mid 1850’s when the world moved off the silver standard by the early 1870s. This metal is still a important tool for wealth protection. This is the free market picking up where the government and central banks are failing. When the US dollar explodes the free market will find a way to correct for it.

Member: Mark – how do you stay positive when there is no RV news?

MZ: You have it backwards because …..there is no negative news. There is nothing telling us it isn’t moving forward anymore.

Member: Remember how far you’ve come, not just how far you have to go.

Member: “Gold is money. All else is credit.” JP Morgan

Member: Full Restoration to ALL who are ill or Suffering. Hang in there better days are coming.

Member: Enjoy Your Weekend Everyone! Happy Birthday to those celebrating!

​​“THE CONTENT IN THIS PODCAST IS FOR GENERAL& EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES & NOT INTENDED TO PROVIDE ANY PROFESSIONAL, FINANCIAL OR LEGAL ADVICE. PLEASE CONSIDER EVERYTHING DISCUSSED IN MARKZ’S OPINION ONLY”

What does “financial inclusion” mean? BY MNT GOAT, 18 SEPT

BY 48.5%.. BANKS ASSOCIATION: FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN IRAQ HAS INCREASED (What does “financial inclusion” mean? Shame on you if you don’t kno...